{"doi":"10.1210/jendso/bvae129","title":"SHBG, Free Testosterone, and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Middle-aged African Men: A Longitudinal Study","abstract":"Abstract Objectives To investigate longitudinal changes in SHBG and free testosterone (free T) levels among Black middle-aged African men, with and without coexistent HIV, and explore associations with incident dysglycaemia and measures of glucose metabolism. Design This longitudinal study enrolled 407 Black South African middle-aged men, comprising primarily 322 men living without HIV (MLWOH) and 85 men living with HIV (MLWH), with normal fasting glucose at enrollment. Follow-up assessments were conducted after 3.1 ± 1.5 years. Methods At baseline and follow-up, SHBG, albumin, and total testosterone were measured and free T was calculated. An oral glucose tolerance test at follow-up determined dysglycaemia (impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes) and glucose metabolism parameters including insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index), insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance), and beta(β)-cell function (disposition index). The primary analysis focussed on MLWOH, with a subanalysis on MLWH to explore whether associations in MLWOH differed from MLWH. Results The prevalence of dysglycaemia at follow-up was 17% (n = 55) in MLWOH. Higher baseline SHBG was associated with a lower risk of incident dysglycaemia (odds ratio 0.966; 95% confidence interval 0.945-0.987) and positively associated with insulin sensitivity (β = 0.124, P < .001) and β-cell function (β = 0.194, P = .001) at follow-up. Free T did not predict dysglycaemia. In MLWH, dysglycaemia prevalence at follow-up was 12% (n = 10). Neither baseline SHBG nor free T were associated with incident dysglycaemia and glucose metabolism parameters in MLWH. Conclusion SHBG levels predict the development of dysglycaemia in middle-aged African men but do not exhibit the same predictive value in MLWH.","journal":"Journal of the Endocrine Society","year":2024,"id":459818,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":4,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9109,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1286875,"name":"Amy E. Mendham","orcid":"0000-0002-1959-6698","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":504664,"name":"Karl‐Heinz Storbeck","orcid":"0000-0003-1669-6383","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1286876,"name":"Imken Oestlund","orcid":"0009-0005-4621-7541","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1286877,"name":"Clément Kufe","orcid":"0000-0001-6599-7284","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":521793,"name":"Tinashe Chikowore","orcid":"0000-0002-6743-751X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1286878,"name":"Maphoko Masemola","orcid":"0000-0002-4398-9061","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":444302,"name":"Nigel J. Crowther","orcid":"0000-0002-5766-1745","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":23111,"name":"André Pascal Kengne","orcid":"0000-0002-5183-131X","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":298901,"name":"Shane A. Norris","orcid":"0000-0001-7124-3788","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1286879,"name":"Tommy Olsson","orcid":"0000-0001-7768-1076","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":109430,"name":"Todd T. Brown","orcid":"0000-0001-8599-278X","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":443313,"name":"Lisa K. Micklesfield","orcid":"0000-0002-4994-0779","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":793318,"name":"Julia H. Goedecke","orcid":"0000-0001-6795-4771","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1286874,"name":"Ikanyeng D Seipone","orcid":"0000-0003-2853-4736","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":75,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:03:59.428859Z","pmid":"39055720","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}