{"doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqad059","title":"Saturated Fatty Acids and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Improve Metabolic Parameters in Ovariectomized Female Mice","abstract":"In menopausal and postmenopausal women, the risk for obesity, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and gut dysbiosis are elevated by the depletion of 17β-estradiol. A diet that is high in omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly linoleic acid (LA), and low in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) found in coconut oil and omega-3 PUFAs may worsen symptoms of estrogen deficiency. To investigate this hypothesis, ovariectomized C57BL/6J and transgenic fat-1 mice, which lower endogenous omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, were treated with either a vehicle or estradiol benzoate (EB) and fed a high-fat diet with a high or low PUFA:SFA ratio for ~15 weeks. EB treatment reversed obesity, glucose intolerance, and bone loss in ovariectomized mice. fat-1 mice fed a 1% LA diet experienced reduced weight gain and adiposity, while those fed a 22.5% LA diet exhibited increased energy expenditure and activity in EB-treated ovariectomized mice. Coconut oil SFAs and omega-3 FAs helped protect against glucose intolerance without EB treatment. Improved insulin sensitivity was observed in wild-type and fat-1 mice fed 1% LA diet with EB treatment, while fat-1 mice fed 22.5% LA diet was protected against insulin resistance without EB treatment. The production of short-chain fatty acids by gut microbial microbiota was linked to omega-3 FAs production and improved energy homeostasis. These findings suggest that a balanced dietary fatty acid profile containing SFAs and a lower ratio of omega-6:omega-3 FAs is more effective in alleviating metabolic disorders during E2 deficiency.","journal":"Endocrinology","year":2023,"id":386078,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9491,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":331087,"name":"Ali Yasrebi","orcid":"0000-0003-1745-4298","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1102651,"name":"Natasha Malonza","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":920200,"name":"Zehra H. Jaffri","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1102650,"name":"Samuel E. Fisher","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1154726,"name":"Isaac Seelenfreund","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1154727,"name":"Brandon D. McGuire","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":920199,"name":"Savannah A. Martinez","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":920201,"name":"Avery T. MacDonell","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":468068,"name":"Kevin M. Tveter","orcid":"0000-0002-9395-0608","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1095695,"name":"Candace R. Longoria","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":326698,"name":"Sue A. Shapses","orcid":"0000-0002-3128-2325","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1070525,"name":"Sara C. Campbell","orcid":"0000-0002-5298-8247","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":468072,"name":"Diana E. Roopchand","orcid":"0000-0002-4165-2377","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":328415,"name":"Troy A. Roepke","orcid":"0000-0001-5426-2266","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":681879,"name":"Ke Sui","orcid":"0000-0002-5502-0389","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":86,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:17:56.803401Z","pmid":"37029960","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}