{"doi":"10.1210/clinem/dgae418","title":"Association of Age at Menarche With Inflammation and Glucose Metabolism Biomarkers in US Adult Women: NHANES 1999-2018","abstract":"CONTEXT: Early age at menarche (AAM) is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes later in life, but the pathogenic pathways that confer increased risk remain unknown. OBJECTIVE: We examined the associations between AAM and inflammatory and glucose metabolism biomarkers among US adult women who were free of diabetes. METHODS: Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2018, 19 228 women over 20 years old who were free of self-reported cancer and diabetes were included in this cross-sectional analysis. AAM was the self-reported age at first menstruation. C-reactive protein (CRP), fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and ferritin levels were measured as biomarkers of inflammation and glucose metabolism in adult blood samples using latex-enhanced nephelometry, enzymatic, and immunoassay methods. Multiple linear regression was used to relate AAM to the biomarkers. RESULTS: The median age at the time of blood sample collection was 44 years (interquartile range, 33-62). After age adjustment, there was an association between a lower AAM and higher CRP (P-trend = .006), fasting glucose (P-trend < .0001), fasting insulin (P-trend < .0001), and ferritin (P-trend < .0001). These remained significant after additional adjustment for demographic, reproductive, lifestyle, and adiposity variables, except for ferritin. Smoking modified the effect of AAM on CRP (P-interaction = .014), fasting insulin (P-interaction < .001), and fasting glucose (P-interaction < .001). In stratified analysis, the observed associations became more pronounced in nonsmokers, while they were attenuated to nonsignificance in active smokers. CONCLUSION: Earlier age at menarche is associated with an unfavorable inflammatory and glucose metabolic biomarker profile in a nationally representative sample of adult women free of diabetes, especially among nonsmokers.","journal":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism","year":2024,"id":465788,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":4,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.5325,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":310330,"name":"Lydia Bazzano","orcid":"0000-0002-8958-1352","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":277080,"name":"Owen Carmichael","orcid":"0000-0002-0576-0047","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":270462,"name":"Sid E. O’Bryant","orcid":"0000-0003-0582-5266","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":376220,"name":"Daniel S. Hsia","orcid":"0000-0003-2832-3429","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":24759,"name":"Jiang He","orcid":"0000-0002-8286-9652","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":308443,"name":"Sylvia H. Ley","orcid":"0000-0003-0084-2630","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1082152,"name":"Maria P. Santos","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":43,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:04:50.328230Z","pmid":"38912813","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}