{"doi":"10.1210/clinem/dgac740","title":"β-Cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity in Youth With Early Type 1 Diabetes From a 2-Hour 7-Sample OGTT","abstract":"CONTEXT: The oral minimal model is a widely accepted noninvasive tool to quantify both β-cell responsiveness and insulin sensitivity (SI) from glucose, C-peptide, and insulin concentrations during a 3-hour 9-point oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). OBJECTIVE: Here, we aimed to validate a 2-hour 7-point protocol against the 3-hour OGTT and to test how variation in early sampling frequency impacts estimates of β-cell responsiveness and SI. METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis on 15 lean youth with stage 1 type 1 diabetes (T1D; ≥ 2 islet autoantibodies with no dysglycemia) who underwent a 3-hour 9-point OGTT. The oral minimal model was used to quantitate β-cell responsiveness (φtotal) and insulin sensitivity (SI), allowing assessment of β-cell function by the disposition index (DI = φtotal × SI). Seven- and 5-point 2-hour OGTT protocols were tested against the 3-hour 9-point gold standard to determine agreement between estimates of φtotal and its dynamic and static components, SI, and DI across different sampling strategies. RESULTS: The 2-hour estimates for the disposition index exhibited a strong correlation with 3-hour measures (r = 0.975; P < .001) with similar results for β-cell responsiveness and SI (r = 0.997 and r = 0.982; P < .001, respectively). The agreement of the 3 estimates between the 7-point 2-hour and 9-point 3-hour protocols fell within the 95% CI on the Bland-Altman grid with a median difference of 16.9% (-35.3 to 32.5), 0.2% (-0.6 to 1.3), and 14.9% (-1.4 to 28.3) for DI, φtotal, and SI. Conversely, the 5-point protocol did not provide reliable estimates of φ dynamic and static components. CONCLUSION: The 2-hour 7-point OGTT is reliable in individuals with stage 1 T1D for assessment of β-cell responsiveness, SI, and DI. Incorporation of these analyses into current 2-hour diabetes staging and monitoring OGTTs offers the potential to more accurately quantify risk of progression in the early stages of T1D.","journal":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism","year":2022,"id":273491,"datarank":0.37273599746820013,"base_score":2.4849066497880004,"endowment":2.4849066497880004,"self_citation_contribution":0.37273599746820013,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.37273599746820013,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":11,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9476,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":7388,"name":"Carmella Evans‐Molina","orcid":"0000-0001-7764-8663","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":713883,"name":"Mariangela Martino","orcid":"0000-0002-3091-9099","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":262979,"name":"Sonia Caprio","orcid":"0000-0002-7523-5053","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":361512,"name":"Claudio Cobelli","orcid":"0000-0002-0169-6682","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":513353,"name":"Antoinette Moran","orcid":"0000-0002-2694-5147","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":425771,"name":"Alfonso Galderisi","orcid":"0000-0001-8885-3056","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":40,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:28:03.504676Z","pmid":"36546354","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}