{"doi":"10.1210/clinem/dgab868","title":"Oral Contraceptive and Menopausal Hormone Therapy Use and Risk of Pituitary Adenoma: Cohort and Case-Control Analyses","abstract":"CONTEXT: No prospective epidemiologic studies have examined associations between use of oral contraceptives (OCs) or menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and risk of pituitary adenoma in women. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to determine the association between use of OC and MHT and risk of pituitary adenoma in two separate datasets. METHODS: We evaluated the association of OC/MHT with risk of pituitary adenoma in the Nurses' Health Study and Nurses' Health Study II by computing multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (MVHR) of pituitary adenoma by OC/MHT use using Cox proportional hazards models. Simultaneously, we carried out a matched case-control study using an institutional data repository to compute multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (MVOR) of pituitary adenoma by OC/MHT use. RESULTS: In the cohort analysis, during 6 668 019 person-years, 331 participants reported a diagnosis of pituitary adenoma. Compared to never-users, neither past (MVHR = 1.05; 95% CI, 0.80-1.36) nor current OC use (MVHR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.40-1.32) was associated with risk. For MHT, compared to never-users, both past (MVHR = 2.00; 95% CI, 1.50-2.68) and current use (MVHR = 1.80; 95% CI, 1.27-2.55) were associated with pituitary adenoma risk, as was longer duration (MVHR = 2.06; 95% CI, 1.42-2.99 comparing more than 5 years of use to never, P trend = .002). Results were similar in lagged analyses, when stratified by body mass index, and among those with recent health care use. In the case-control analysis, we included 5469 cases. Risk of pituitary adenoma was increased with ever use of MHT (MVOR = 1.57; 95% CI, 1.35-1.83) and OC (MVOR = 1.27; 95% CI, 1.14-1.42) compared to never. CONCLUSION: Compared to never use, current and past MHT use and longer duration of MHT use were positively associated with higher risk of pituitary adenoma in 2 independent data sets. OC use was not associated with risk in the prospective cohort analysis and was associated with only mildly increased risk in the case-control analysis.","journal":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism","year":2021,"id":185605,"datarank":0.32958368660043297,"base_score":2.1972245773362196,"endowment":2.1972245773362196,"self_citation_contribution":0.32958368660043297,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.32958368660043297,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":8,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9544,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":742203,"name":"John L. Kilgallon","orcid":"0000-0002-4948-1226","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":742798,"name":"Noah Nawabi","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":742204,"name":"Hassan Y. Dawood","orcid":"0000-0002-2190-5146","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":238095,"name":"Timothy R. Smith","orcid":"0000-0003-1976-0766","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":160512,"name":"Ursula B Kaiser","orcid":"0000-0002-8237-0704","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":400280,"name":"Edward R. Laws","orcid":"0000-0003-4804-9535","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":11268,"name":"JoAnn E. Manson","orcid":"0000-0002-9426-7595","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":55362,"name":"Meir J. Stampfer","orcid":"0000-0001-8865-935X","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":238096,"name":"David J. Coté","orcid":"0000-0001-5419-1517","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":48,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:48:38.805613Z","pmid":"34865056","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}