{"doi":"10.1210/clinem/dgab626","title":"Aberrant Epigenetic Alteration of <i>PAX1</i> Expression Contributes to Parathyroid Tumorigenesis","abstract":"CONTEXT: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) results from the hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone from parathyroid tumors. A transcription factor, namely Paired box1 (PAX1), is active in parathyroid gland development. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to study potential epigenetic-mediated mechanism of PAX1 gene in sporadic parathyroid adenomas. METHODS: In parathyroid adenomas tissues, we analyzed the DNA methylation via bisulfite-specific polymerase chain reaction (BSP) and histone modifications via chromatin immunoprecipitation in regulating the differential expression of PAX1. RESULTS: The results showed that mRNA and protein expression of PAX1 was significantly reduced in parathyroid adenomas. Bisulfite sequencing demonstrated hypermethylation in the promoter region of PAX1 (35%; 14/40) and lower levels of histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac) were observed on the promoter region of PAX1 (6-fold; P < .004) in parathyroid adenomas. Furthermore, upon treatment with a pharmacologic inhibitor, namely 5'aza-2 deoxycytidine, in rat parathyroid continuous cells, we found re-expression of PAX1 gene. CONCLUSION: Our study not only reveals expression of PAX1 is epigenetically deregulated but also paves a way for clinical and therapeutic implications in patients with PHPT.","journal":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism","year":2021,"id":176631,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":21,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.967,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":355678,"name":"Sanjay Kumar Bhadada","orcid":"0000-0002-0410-8778","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":355680,"name":"Ashutosh Kumar Arya","orcid":"0000-0003-2717-8872","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":355681,"name":"Uma Nahar Saikia","orcid":"0000-0002-7006-5147","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":355682,"name":"Naresh Sachdeva","orcid":"0000-0001-6289-4749","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":355679,"name":"Divya Dahiya","orcid":"0000-0002-0237-8459","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":355683,"name":"Jyotdeep Kaur","orcid":"0000-0003-0284-4517","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":16407,"name":"Maria Luisa Brandi","orcid":"0000-0002-8741-0592","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":355684,"name":"Sudhaker D. Rao","orcid":"0000-0002-2200-1800","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":355677,"name":"Priyanka Singh","orcid":"0000-0002-5288-2290","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":28,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:47:23.605867Z","pmid":"34453169","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}