{"doi":"10.1210/clinem/dgab179","title":"Low Intake of Vegetable Protein is Associated With Altered Ovulatory Function Among Healthy Women of Reproductive Age","abstract":"CONTEXT: Diets high in plant-based protein have gained popularity due to increasing health concerns regarding consumption of animal products. Though links between intakes of certain protein-rich foods and reproductive disorders have been suggested, the relationship of overall animal and vegetable proteins with reproductive hormones among reproductive-aged women is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the associations between the intake of dietary protein with reproductive hormones and sporadic anovulation among reproductive-aged women. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study, 2005-2007. SETTING: University at Buffalo, western New York, United States. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 259 premenopausal women (18-44 years) without dietary restrictions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Serum reproductive hormones were determined up to 8 times per cycle for 2 cycles. Protein intake was assessed the day prior to hormone assessment at 4 visits/cycle using 24-hour recalls. RESULTS: Overall, 84% of participants met the recommended dietary allowance for total protein set for reproductive-aged women. Neither total nor animal protein intake were associated with reproductive hormones or anovulation. However, vegetable protein intake in the lowest tertile was associated with lower luteal phase progesterone (-18.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI] -30.2, -3.6), higher follicle-stimulating hormone (3.8%, 95% CI 0.2, 7.6), and a higher risk of anovulation (risk ratio [RR] 2.53, 95% CI 1.21, 5.26), compared with the middle tertile. Nuts and seeds were the only protein-rich foods associated with an elevated risk of anovulation (RR 2.12, 95% CI 1.17, 3.85). CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that among women who meet the recommended dietary allowance for total protein, low intake of vegetable, but not animal, protein may disturb normal ovulatory function.","journal":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism","year":2021,"id":194656,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":9,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9497,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":330806,"name":"Samrawit F. Yisahak","orcid":"0000-0003-1291-0266","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":311700,"name":"Carrie J. Nobles","orcid":"0000-0002-2182-8486","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":311703,"name":"Victoria C. Andriessen","orcid":"0000-0002-6233-3682","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":369130,"name":"Elizabeth A. DeVilbiss","orcid":"0000-0002-8840-0505","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":311705,"name":"Lindsey A. Sjaarda","orcid":"0000-0003-0539-8110","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":765191,"name":"Ahoud I. Al-Ohali","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":311706,"name":"Neil J. Perkins","orcid":"0000-0002-6802-4733","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":311701,"name":"Sunni L. Mumford","orcid":"0000-0003-0133-3176","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":311702,"name":"Keewan Kim","orcid":"0000-0002-1892-6739","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":28,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:49:59.476757Z","pmid":"33735390","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}