{"doi":"10.1210/clinem/dgab115","title":"Fat Mass Accretion from Birth to 5 Years and Metabolic Homeostasis in Childhood: the Healthy Start Study","abstract":"CONTEXT: It is unclear how fat mass accretion in early life is related to glucose-insulin homeostasis. OBJECTIVE: Examine associations of fat and fat-free mass accretion from birth to early childhood with glucose-insulin homeostasis in early childhood in a multi-ethnic cohort. METHODS: Observational Healthy Start study with data collection from 2010 to 2020. Air displacement plethysmography at birth and 4.8 (SD 0.7) years estimated fat mass percent (FMP, %), fat mass index (FMI, kg/m2), and fat-free mass index (FFMI, kg/m2). General population recruited from academic obstetrics clinics in Denver, Colorado, consisting of 419 mother/offspring dyads. The main outcome measures were fasting glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment-2 insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), and beta-cell function (HOMA2-B) at 4.8 years. RESULTS: Greater fat mass accretion from birth to early childhood was associated with higher fasting glucose (ΔFMP β = 0.20 [95% CI 0.06-0.34], ΔFMI β = 0.90 [0.30-1.50]) in participants of Hispanic, Black, and Other races/ethnicities, while greater fat-free mass accretion was associated with higher fasting glucose in non-Hispanic White participants (ΔFFMI β = 0.76 [0.21-1.32]). Overall, greater fat, but not fat-free, mass accretion was also associated with higher insulin (ΔFMP β = 0.14 [0.09-0.18], ΔFMI 0.71 [0.51-0.92]), HOMA2-IR (FMP β = 0.02 [0.01-0.02], ΔFMI β = 0.09 [0.06-0.12]), and HOMA2-B (ΔFMP β = 0.92 [0.18-1.36], ΔFMI β = 4.76 [2.79-6.73]). CONCLUSION: Greater fat mass accretion in infancy and childhood is associated with shifts in fasting glucose in children of Hispanic, Black, and Other races/ethnicities at 5 years of age. Body composition beginning in early life is relevant for metabolic health, and precise assessments of adiposity in pediatric research are needed.","journal":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism","year":2021,"id":183804,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":12,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.6185,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":301092,"name":"Wei Perng","orcid":"0000-0001-8552-6850","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":636768,"name":"Michaela P. Palumbo","orcid":"0000-0002-0267-5779","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":730280,"name":"Lizan D. Bloemsma","orcid":"0000-0001-9941-8551","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":444390,"name":"J. Christopher Carey","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":312593,"name":"Deborah H. Glueck","orcid":"0000-0003-0047-8939","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":249641,"name":"Dana Dabelea","orcid":"0000-0001-9514-8929","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":312592,"name":"Katherine A. Sauder","orcid":"0000-0002-8473-8015","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":30,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:48:22.008011Z","pmid":"33616653","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}