{"doi":"10.1210/clinem/dgab004","title":"Postconvalescent SARS-CoV-2 IgG and Neutralizing Antibodies are Elevated in Individuals with Poor Metabolic Health","abstract":"PURPOSE: Comorbidities making up metabolic syndrome (MetS), such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and chronic cardiovascular disease can lead to increased risk of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) with a higher morbidity and mortality. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are higher in severely or critically ill COVID-19 patients, but studies have not focused on levels in convalescent patients with MetS, which this study aimed to assess. METHODS: This retrospective study focused on adult convalescent outpatients with SARS-CoV-2 positive serology during the COVID-19 pandemic at NewYork Presbyterian/Weill Cornell. Data collected for descriptive and correlative analysis included SARS-COV-2 immunoglobin G (IgG) levels and history of MetS comorbidities from April 17, 2020 to May 20, 2020. Additional data, including SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and lipid levels were collected and analyzed for a second cohort from May 21, 2020 to June 21, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies were measured in a subset of the study cohort. RESULTS: SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were significantly higher in convalescent individuals with MetS comorbidities. When adjusted for age, sex, race, and time duration from symptom onset to testing, increased SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels remained significantly associated with obesity (P < 0.0001). SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were significantly higher in patients with HbA1c ≥6.5% compared to those with HbA1c <5.7% (P = 0.0197) and remained significant on multivariable analysis (P = 0.0104). A positive correlation was noted between BMI and antibody levels [95% confidence interval: 0.37 (0.20-0.52) P < 0.0001]. Neutralizing antibody titers were higher in COVID-19 individuals with BMI ≥ 30 (P = 0.0055). CONCLUSION: Postconvalescent SARS-CoV-2 IgG and neutralizing antibodies are elevated in obese patients, and a positive correlation exists between BMI and antibody levels.","journal":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism","year":2021,"id":165622,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":35,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9623,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":561969,"name":"He S. Yang","orcid":"0000-0001-5827-992X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":690153,"name":"Gwendolyne Anyanate Jack","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":280500,"name":"Zhengming Chen","orcid":"0000-0001-9437-6452","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":308650,"name":"Amy Chadburn","orcid":"0000-0002-9499-8638","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":253814,"name":"Thomas J. Ketas","orcid":"0000-0001-9380-7716","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":562540,"name":"Erik Francomano","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":249513,"name":"Per Johan Klasse","orcid":"0000-0001-8222-278X","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":249512,"name":"John P. Moore","orcid":"0000-0002-9902-6096","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":240984,"name":"Kathleen A. McDonough","orcid":"0000-0002-2813-6263","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":240977,"name":"Roxie C. Girardin","orcid":"0000-0001-8277-7822","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":240976,"name":"Alan P. Dupuis","orcid":"0000-0003-0703-9250","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":335974,"name":"Anne F. Payne","orcid":null,"position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":689398,"name":"Lucy Ma","orcid":"0000-0003-2704-5420","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":690154,"name":"Jacob Sweeney","orcid":null,"position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":320588,"name":"Elaine Zhong","orcid":"0000-0003-4676-6434","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":561972,"name":"Jim Yee","orcid":"0000-0003-1595-6585","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":550386,"name":"Melissa M. Cushing","orcid":"0000-0001-8042-1494","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":561975,"name":"Zhen Zhao","orcid":"0000-0002-9742-5982","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":561970,"name":"Sabrina Racine‐Brzostek","orcid":"0000-0002-6296-6682","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":39,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:45:40.838485Z","pmid":"33524125","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}