{"doi":"10.1207/s15324826an0902_5","title":"The Trail Making Test, Part B: Cognitive Flexibility or Ability to Maintain Set?","abstract":null,"journal":"Applied Neuropsychology","year":2002,"id":651530,"datarank":0.9440128918269723,"base_score":6.293419278846481,"endowment":6.293419278846481,"self_citation_contribution":0.9440128918269723,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.9440128918269723,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":540,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1699254,"name":"Michael David Horner","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1699255,"name":"Whitney K. Windham","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1699253,"name":"Kathleen Bechtold Kortte","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"The Trail Making Test, Part B: Cognitive Flexibility or Ability to Maintain Set?","abstract":"The Trail Making Test (TMT) is a well-established test sensitive to impairment in multiple cognitive domains. There has been ambiguity about which cognitive demands are placed on the patient by TMT Part B over and above those required to perform TMT Part A. In particular, cognitive flexibility and ability to maintain a complex response set have been 2 competing hypotheses. This study preliminarily examined which of these 2 abilities primarily contributes to Part B performance. A total of 121 clinically referred Veterans Affairs patients were administered the TMT, as well as other tests of executive and other cognitive functions. Regression analyses were used to examine which tests predicted Part B performance above and beyond Part A performance. The results provide preliminary support for TMT Part B performance being more sensitive to cognitiveflexibility (operationalized as Wisconsin Card Sorting Test [WCST], percent perseverative errors) than ability to maintain set (operationalized as WCST, failure to maintain set).","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":6.293419278846481,"endowment":6.293419278846481,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"12214820","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2058665386","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":2.3238,"citation_percentile":0.89944629,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":18},{"year":2013,"count":25},{"year":2014,"count":20},{"year":2015,"count":31},{"year":2016,"count":25},{"year":2017,"count":29},{"year":2018,"count":23},{"year":2019,"count":33},{"year":2020,"count":46},{"year":2021,"count":42},{"year":2022,"count":30},{"year":2023,"count":41},{"year":2024,"count":42},{"year":2025,"count":30},{"year":2026,"count":20}],"oa_status":"closed","license":null,"oa_locations":[{"url":"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1207/S15324826AN0902_5","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15324826an0902_5","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12214820","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","Sport Psychology and Performance","Adult","Aged","Aged, 80 and over","Cognition","Female","Humans","Male","Middle Aged","Neuropsychological Tests","Set, Psychology","Task Performance and Analysis","Trail Making Test","Veterans"],"mesh_terms":["Adult","Aged","Aged, 80 and over","Cognition","Female","Humans","Male","Middle Aged","Neuropsychological Tests","Set, Psychology","Task Performance and Analysis","Trail Making Test","Veterans"],"keywords":["Cognitive flexibility","Flexibility (engineering)","Psychology","Set (abstract data type)","Trail Making Test","Test (biology)","Cognitive psychology","Cognition","Applied psychology","Computer science","Neuropsychology","Neuroscience","Programming language"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-10T09:52:14.668325Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}