{"doi":"10.1201/9781003456100-23","title":"The Structural Basis for Release-Factor Activation During Translation Termination Revealed by Time-Resolved Cryogenic Electron Microscopy","abstract":"When the ribosome encounters a stop codon, it recruits a release factor (RF) to hydrolyze the ester bond between the peptide chain and tRNA. This chapter discusses the role of the compact structures of RF1 and RF2 for fast and accurate stop-codon recognition in translation termination. It utilizes time-resolved cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to visualize transient compact forms of RF1 and RF2 at 3.5 and 4 Å resolution, respectively, in the codon-recognizing ribosome complex on the native pathway. Cryo-EM showed that ribosome-bound RFs have extended structures, suggesting that RFs are compact when entering the ribosome and then extend their structures upon stop codon recognition. Most intracellular functions are carried out by proteins, assembled as chains of peptide-bond linked amino acid residues on large ribonucleoprotein particles called ribosomes. The chapter suggest that the selective advantage of the compact RF-form is that it allows for rapid factor binding into and dissociation from an accuracy maximizing pre-accommodation state.","journal":null,"year":2023,"id":409887,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9488,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":750802,"name":"Gabriele Indrisiunaite","orcid":"0000-0003-0742-3906","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1189746,"name":"Sandip Kaledhonkar","orcid":"0000-0003-3264-9878","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1189747,"name":"Binita Shah","orcid":"0000-0002-6084-3355","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":18077,"name":"Ming Sun","orcid":"0000-0002-4413-2502","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1189748,"name":"Bo Chen","orcid":"0000-0002-1404-3082","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":307522,"name":"Robert A. Grassucci","orcid":"0000-0002-1437-1537","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":750803,"name":"Måns Ehrenberg","orcid":"0000-0002-0552-882X","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":91653,"name":"Joachim Frank","orcid":"0000-0001-5449-6943","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":320007,"name":"Ziao Fu","orcid":"0000-0001-5036-1945","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":49,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:21:31.144858Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}