{"doi":"10.1186/s13293-021-00359-2","title":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes in women and men hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 in New Orleans","abstract":"OBJECTIVES: Determine if sex differences exist in clinical characteristics and outcomes of adults hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a US healthcare system. DESIGN: Case series study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Sequentially hospitalized adults admitted for COVID-19 at two tertiary care academic hospitals in New Orleans, LA, between 27 February and 15 July 2020. MEASURES AND OUTCOMES: Measures included demographics, comorbidities, presenting symptoms, and laboratory results. Outcomes included intensive care unit admission (ICU), invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and in-hospital death. RESULTS: We included 776 patients (median age 60.5 years; 61.4% women, 75% non-Hispanic Black). Rates of ICU, IMV, and death were similar in both sexes. In women versus men, obesity (63.8 vs 41.6%, P < 0.0001), hypertension (77.6 vs 70.1%, P = 0.02), diabetes (38.2 vs 31.8%, P = 0.06), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, 22.1 vs 15.1%, P = 0.015), and asthma (14.3 vs 6.9%, P = 0.001) were more prevalent. More women exhibited dyspnea (61.2 vs 53.7%, P = 0.04), fatigue (35.7 vs 28.5%, P = 0.03), and digestive symptoms (39.3 vs 32.8%, P = 0.06) than men. Obesity was associated with IMV at a lower BMI (> 35) in women, but the magnitude of the effect of morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 40) was similar in both sexes. COPD was associated with ICU (adjusted OR (aOR), 2.6; 95%CI, 1.5-4.3) and IMV (aOR, 1.8; 95%CI, 1.2-3.1) in women only. Diabetes (aOR, 2.6; 95%CI, 1.2-2.9), chronic kidney disease (aOR, 2.2; 95%CI, 1.3-5.2), elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (aOR, 2.5; 95%CI, 1.4-4.3), and elevated ferritin (aOR, 3.6; 95%CI, 1.7-7.3) were independent predictors of death in women only. In contrast, elevated D-dimer was an independent predictor of ICU (aOR, 7.3; 95%CI, 2.7-19.5), IMV (aOR, 6.5; 95%CI, 2.1-20.4), and death (aOR, 4.5; 95%CI, 1.2-16.4) in men only. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights sex disparities in clinical determinants of severe outcomes in COVID-19 patients that may inform management and prevention strategies to ensure gender equity.","journal":"Biology of Sex Differences","year":2021,"id":155009,"datarank":0.6166310796259968,"base_score":4.110873864173311,"endowment":4.110873864173311,"self_citation_contribution":0.6166310796259968,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6166310796259968,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":60,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.5216,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":657646,"name":"Scott A. Gillet","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":657647,"name":"Margo Brown","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":279970,"name":"Yuanhao Zu","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":656634,"name":"Sarah M. Wilson","orcid":"0000-0002-5579-6996","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":657648,"name":"Sabreen Ahmed","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":657649,"name":"Saritha Tirumalasetty","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":656635,"name":"Dragana Lovre","orcid":"0000-0002-2607-8768","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":295964,"name":"Marie Krousel‐Wood","orcid":"0000-0001-9662-3947","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":277943,"name":"Joshua L. Denson","orcid":"0000-0002-8654-7765","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":104951,"name":"Franck Mauvais‐Jarvis","orcid":"0000-0002-0874-0754","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":486026,"name":"Yilin Yoshida","orcid":"0000-0003-0441-2697","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":40,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:43:59.154159Z","pmid":"33546750","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}