{"doi":"10.1186/s12985-024-02524-6","title":"Clinical symptoms, comorbidities and health outcomes among outpatients infected with the common cold coronaviruses versus influenza virus","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Common cold coronaviruses (ccCoVs) and influenza virus are common infectious agents causing upper respiratory tract infections (RTIs). However, clinical symptoms, comorbidities, and health effects of ccCoV infection remain understudied. METHODS: A retrospective study evaluated 3,935 outpatients with acute upper RTI at a tertiary teaching hospital. The presence of ccCoV and influenza virus was determined by multiplex molecular assay. The demographic, clinical symptoms, and health outcomes were compared between patients with ccCoV (n = 205) and influenza (n = 417) infections. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to evaluate predictors and health outcomes over a one-year follow-up. RESULTS: Sore throat, nasal discharge, headache, and myalgia were more predominant in ccCoV infection; fever was common in influenza. Most patients reported moderate symptoms severity (49.8% ccCoV, 56.1% influenza). Subsequent primary care visits with symptoms of RTI within a year were comparable for both infections (27.3% ccCoV vs. 27.6% influenza). However, patients with influenza reported increased primary care visits for non-RTI episodes and all-cause hospital admission. Baseline comorbidities were associated with increased primary care visits with symptoms of RTI in either ccCoV (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-5.9; P = 0.034) or influenza (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.1-3.1; P = 0.017) infections, due probably to the dysregulation of the host immune response following acute infections. In patients infected with influenza infection, dyslipidemia was a predictor for subsequent primary care visits with symptoms of RTI (unadjusted OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.0-3.0; P = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS: Both influenza and ccCoV infection pose significant disease burden, especially in patients with comorbidities. The management of comorbidities should be prioritized to mitigate poor health outcomes in infected individuals.","journal":"Virology Journal","year":2024,"id":445678,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":7,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.7194,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":522077,"name":"Sin How Lim","orcid":"0000-0002-8727-4826","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":946191,"name":"Pui Li Wong","orcid":"0000-0002-9488-7866","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1262063,"name":"Hoe Leong Sii","orcid":"0000-0003-2846-7377","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1262513,"name":"Chun Keat P’ng","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1262514,"name":"Soon Sean Ee","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":961379,"name":"Maw Pin Tan","orcid":"0000-0002-3400-8540","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1262064,"name":"Nik Sherina Hanafi","orcid":"0000-0001-9140-0955","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":237149,"name":"Kim Tien Ng","orcid":"0000-0002-4097-9984","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1262065,"name":"Jack Bee Chook","orcid":"0000-0003-2104-761X","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1262515,"name":"Yutaka Takebe","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1262066,"name":"Kok‐Gan Chan","orcid":"0000-0002-1883-1115","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1262067,"name":"Sarbhan Singh","orcid":"0000-0002-6602-1758","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":920426,"name":"I‐Ching Sam","orcid":"0000-0002-1296-7898","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":36887,"name":"Kok Keng Tee","orcid":"0000-0002-7923-5448","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1262062,"name":"Thevambiga Iyadorai","orcid":"0000-0002-9258-620X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":40,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:01:46.243344Z","pmid":"39380036","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}