{"doi":"10.1186/s12977-021-00552-6","title":"Elevated levels of inflammatory plasma biomarkers are associated with risk of HIV infection","abstract":"BACKGROUND: To determine if individuals, from HIV-1 serodiscordant couple cohorts from Rwanda and Zambia, who become HIV-positive have a distinct inflammatory biomarker profile compared to individuals who remain HIV-negative, we compared levels of biomarkers in plasma of HIV-negative individuals who either seroconverted (pre-infection) and became HIV-positive or remained HIV-negative (uninfected). RESULTS: We observed that individuals in the combined cohort, as well as those in the individual country cohorts, who later became HIV-1 infected had significantly higher baseline levels of multiple inflammatory cytokines/chemokines compared to individuals who remained HIV-negative. Genital inflammation/ulceration or schistosome infections were not associated with this elevated profile. Defined levels of ITAC and IL-7 were significant predictors of later HIV acquisition in ROC predictive analyses, whereas the classical Th1 and Th2 inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12 and interferon-γ or IL-4, IL-5 and Il-13 were not. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the data show a significant association between increased plasma biomarkers linked to inflammation and immune activation and HIV acquisition and suggests that pre-existing conditions that increase systemic biomarkers represent a factor for increased risk of HIV infection.","journal":"Retrovirology","year":2021,"id":201033,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":7,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9483,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":411378,"name":"Kristin M. Wall","orcid":"0000-0001-8547-2004","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":317710,"name":"Tianwei Yu","orcid":"0000-0003-2502-1628","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":393272,"name":"Rabindra Tirouvanziam","orcid":"0000-0003-3526-9985","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":321610,"name":"William Kilembe","orcid":"0000-0002-9012-7325","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":322284,"name":"Jill Gilmour","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":321611,"name":"Susan Allen","orcid":"0000-0002-9150-3898","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":253823,"name":"Eric Hunter","orcid":"0000-0002-4273-8631","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":322283,"name":"Samantha McInally","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":48,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:50:52.535403Z","pmid":"33731158","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}