{"doi":"10.1186/s12879-022-07894-2","title":"Virological failure among people living with HIV receiving second-line antiretroviral therapy in Pune, India","abstract":"BACKGROUND: The number of people receiving second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased as global access to ART has expanded. Data on the burden and factors associated with second-line ART virologic failure (VF) from India remain limited. METHODS: We conducted cross-sectional viral load (VL) testing among adults (≥ 18 years) who were registered at a publicly funded ART center in western India between 2014 and 2015 and had received second-line ART for at least 6 months. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were abstracted from routinely collected programmatic data. Logistic regression evaluated factors associated with VF (defined as VL > 1000 copies/mL). RESULTS: , p < 0.0001), lower weight at first-line failure (49 vs 52 kg, p = 0.003), were more likely to have an opportunistic infection (17% vs 3%, p < 0.0001) and less likely to have optimal ART adherence (71% vs 87%, p = 0.005). In multivariable analysis, VF was associated with opportunistic infection (aOR, 4.84; 95% CI, 1.77-13.24), lower CD4 count (aOR 4.15; 95% CI, 1.98-8.71) and lower weight at first-line failure (aOR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.33-5.34). CONCLUSIONS: We found second-line VF in about a sixth of participants in our setting, which was associated with nearly fivefold increased odds in the context of opportunistic infection. Weight could be a useful clinical indicator for second-line VF.","journal":"BMC Infectious Diseases","year":2022,"id":264764,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":12,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8319,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":922883,"name":"Priyanka Raichur","orcid":"0000-0001-7938-3398","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":403928,"name":"Dileep Kadam","orcid":"0000-0002-6798-1419","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":535468,"name":"Shashikala Sangle","orcid":"0000-0001-5844-3849","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":326403,"name":"Nikhil Gupte","orcid":"0000-0002-6688-2478","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":546060,"name":"Neetal Nevrekar","orcid":"0000-0001-8496-5341","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":376444,"name":"Sandesh Patil","orcid":"0000-0003-1805-5563","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":535467,"name":"Amol Chavan","orcid":"0000-0002-7034-9983","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":515940,"name":"Smita Nimkar","orcid":"0000-0002-7208-7729","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":535469,"name":"Ivan Marbaniang","orcid":"0000-0002-8446-9943","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":326404,"name":"Vidya Mave","orcid":"0000-0001-8509-4517","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":560524,"name":"Sonali Salvi","orcid":"0000-0001-6247-9967","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":14,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:26:41.845195Z","pmid":"36528762","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}