{"doi":"10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003149","title":"Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and venous thrombosis in pancreatic cancer","abstract":"Pancreatic cancer patients have a high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) inhibits plasminogen activators and increases the risk of thrombosis. PAI-1 is expressed by pancreatic tumors and human pancreatic cell lines. However, to date, there are no studies analyzing the association of active PAI-1 and VTE in pancreatic cancer patients. We investigated the association of active PAI-1 in plasma and VTE in pancreatic cancer patients. In addition, we determined if the presence of human pancreatic tumors expressing PAI-1 impairs venous thrombus resolution in mice. Plasma levels of active PAI-1 in patients with pancreatic cancer and mice bearing human tumors were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We measured PAI-1 expression in 5 different human pancreatic cancer cell lines and found that PANC-1 cells expressed the highest level. PANC-1 tumors were grown in nude mice. Venous thrombosis was induced by complete ligation of the inferior vena cava (IVC). Levels of active PAI-1 were independently associated with increased risk of VTE in patients with pancreatic cancer (subdistribution hazard ratio per doubling of levels: 1.39 [95% confidence interval, 1.09-1.78], P = .007). Mice bearing PANC-1 tumors had increased levels of both active human and active mouse PAI-1 and decreased levels of plasmin activity. Importantly, mice bearing PANC-1 tumors exhibited impaired venous thrombus resolution 8 days after IVC stasis compared with nontumor controls. Our results suggest that PAI-1 contributes to VTE in pancreatic cancer.","journal":"Blood Advances","year":2021,"id":153825,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":66,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9617,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":652787,"name":"Kenison B. Garratt","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":652059,"name":"Anaum Maqsood","orcid":"0000-0002-6779-594X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":243109,"name":"Steven P. Grover","orcid":"0000-0001-8709-8394","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":652060,"name":"Tomohiro Kawano","orcid":"0000-0002-6282-4991","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":506841,"name":"Brian C. Cooley","orcid":"0000-0001-5895-7508","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":652061,"name":"Jonathan Erlich","orcid":"0000-0002-4447-2179","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":584390,"name":"Florian Moik","orcid":"0000-0001-7738-4119","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":364585,"name":"Matthew J. Flick","orcid":"0000-0002-5034-3162","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":652062,"name":"Ingrid Pabinger","orcid":"0000-0002-7677-9896","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":243111,"name":"Nigel Mackman","orcid":"0000-0002-9170-7700","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":598710,"name":"Cihan Ay","orcid":"0000-0003-2607-9717","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":243108,"name":"Yohei Hisada","orcid":"0000-0001-9157-0524","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":54,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:43:44.759273Z","pmid":"33496742","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}