{"doi":"10.1182/blood.2020006372","title":"RETRACTED: Robust expansion of HIV CAR T cells following antigen boosting in ART-suppressed nonhuman primates","abstract":"Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting CD19+ hematologic malignancies have rapidly emerged as a promising, novel therapy. In contrast, results from the few CAR T-cell studies for infectious diseases such as HIV-1 have been less convincing. These challenges are likely due to the low level of antigen present in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-suppressed patients in contrast to those with hematologic malignancies. Using our well-established nonhuman primate model of ART-suppressed HIV-1 infection, we tested strategies to overcome these limitations and challenges. We first optimized CAR T-cell production to maintain central memory subsets, consistent with current clinical paradigms. We hypothesized that additional exogenous antigen might be required in an ART-suppressed setting to aid expansion and persistence of CAR T cells. Thus, we studied 4 simian/HIV-infected, ART-suppressed rhesus macaques infused with virus-specific CD4CAR T cells, followed by supplemental infusion of cell-associated HIV-1 envelope (Env). Env boosting led to significant and unprecedented expansion of virus-specific CAR+ T cells in vivo; after ART treatment interruption, viral rebound was significantly delayed compared with controls (P = .014). In 2 animals with declining CAR T cells, rhesusized anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody was administered to reverse PD-1-dependent immune exhaustion. Immune checkpoint blockade triggered expansion of exhausted CAR T cells and concordantly lowered viral loads to undetectable levels. These results show that supplemental cell-associated antigen enables robust expansion of CAR T cells in an antigen-sparse environment. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show expansion of virus-specific CAR T cells in infected, suppressed hosts, and delay/control of viral recrudescence.","journal":"Blood","year":2020,"id":65345,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":59,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9502,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":104356,"name":"Leslie S. Kean","orcid":"0000-0003-0475-3926","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":104342,"name":"Lucrezia Colonna","orcid":"0000-0002-9457-3795","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":346632,"name":"Katherine E. Brandenstein","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":345514,"name":"Nikhita H. Poole","orcid":"0009-0002-9575-7630","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":346633,"name":"Willimark Obenza","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":345515,"name":"Mark Enstrom","orcid":"0000-0003-2635-3771","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":277145,"name":"Colby R. Maldini","orcid":"0000-0002-5246-4187","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":345516,"name":"Gavin I. Ellis","orcid":"0000-0002-8527-702X","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":233485,"name":"Christine M. Fennessey","orcid":"0000-0002-8736-8523","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":301546,"name":"Meei‐Li Huang","orcid":"0000-0003-2058-2776","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":233486,"name":"Brandon F. Keele","orcid":"0000-0002-2381-1151","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":108343,"name":"Keith R. Jerome","orcid":"0000-0002-8212-3789","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":263033,"name":"James L. Riley","orcid":"0000-0002-1057-576X","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":104354,"name":"Hans‐Peter Kiem","orcid":"0000-0001-5949-4947","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":345517,"name":"Christopher W. Peterson","orcid":"0000-0002-3215-8924","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":345513,"name":"Blake J. Rust","orcid":"0000-0002-7197-0990","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":73,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T21:13:23.327603Z","pmid":"32614969","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}