{"doi":"10.1182/blood-2003-09-3314","title":"Gene expression in human embryonic stem cell lines: unique molecular signature","abstract":"Human embryonic stem (huES) cells have the ability to differentiate into a variety of cell lineages and potentially provide a source of differentiated cells for many therapeutic uses. However, little is known about the mechanism of differentiation of huES cells and factors regulating cell development. We have used high-quality microarrays containing 16 659 seventy-base pair oligonucleotides to examine gene expression in 6 of the 11 available huES cell lines. Expression was compared against pooled RNA from multiple tissues (universal RNA) and genes enriched in huES cells were identified. All 6 cell lines expressed multiple markers of the undifferentiated state and shared significant homology in gene expression (overall similarity coefficient > 0.85).A common subset of 92 genes was identified that included Nanog, GTCM-1, connexin 43 (GJA1), oct-4, and TDGF1 (cripto). Gene expression was confirmed by a variety of techniques including comparison with databases, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, focused cDNA microarrays, and immunocytochemistry. Comparison with published \"stemness\" genes revealed a limited overlap, suggesting little similarity with other stem cell populations. Several novel ES cell-specific expressed sequence tags were identified and mapped to the human genome. These results represent the first detailed characterization of undifferentiated huES cells and provide a unique set of markers to profile and better understand the biology of huES cells.","journal":"Blood","year":2004,"id":199,"datarank":0.9180446128426427,"base_score":6.12029741895095,"endowment":6.12029741895095,"self_citation_contribution":0.9180446128426427,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.9180446128426427,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":454,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.0676,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2004-04-15","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1623,"name":"Takumi Miura","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1624,"name":"Ralph Brandenberger","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1625,"name":"Josef Mejido","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1626,"name":"Yongquan Luo","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1627,"name":"Amy X. Yang","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1628,"name":"Bharat H. Joshi","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1629,"name":"Irene Ginis","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1630,"name":"R. Scott Thies","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1631,"name":"Michal Amit","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1632,"name":"Ian Lyons","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1633,"name":"Brian G. Condie","orcid":"0000-0002-7021-8836","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1634,"name":"Joseph Itskovitz-Eldor","orcid":null,"position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1635,"name":"Mahendra S. Rao","orcid":null,"position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1636,"name":"Raj K. Puri","orcid":"0000-0003-2548-346X","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1637,"name":"Amy Yang","orcid":"0000-0003-0578-4257","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1638,"name":"Bharat Joshi","orcid":"0000-0001-5246-3881","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1639,"name":"Joseph Itskovitz‐Eldor","orcid":null,"position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1622,"name":"Bhaskar Bhattacharya","orcid":"0000-0002-2833-3670","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":43,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-03-01T18:20:47.508186Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}