{"doi":"10.1177/1479972316634604","title":"Discriminant validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Beck Depression Inventory (II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory to confirmed clinical diagnosis of depression and anxiety in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this study was to investigate the discriminant validity of commonly used depression and anxiety screening tools in order to determine the most suitable tool for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD patients ( n = 56) completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). These scores were compared to confirmed clinical diagnoses of depression and anxiety using the Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview. HADS depression subscale (HADS-D) sensitivity/specificity was 78/81%; BDI-II 89/77%; HADS anxiety subscale (HADS-A) 71/81%; and BAI 89/62%. HADS-D sensitivity/specificity was improved (100/83%) with the removal of Q4 ‘I feel as if I am slowed down’ and adjusted cut-off (≥5). Removal of BDI-II Q21 ‘Loss of interest in sex’ with adjusted cut-off ≥12 resulted in similar improvement (100/79%). No problematic items were identified for HADS-A or BAI. Previously reported low sensitivity/specificity of the HADS for COPD patients was not replicated. Furthermore, simple modifications of the HADS-D markedly improved sensitivity/specificity for depression.</jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>BDI-II, HADS-A and BAI produced acceptable sensitivity/specificity unmodified. Pending further research for COPD patients we recommend continued use of the HADS-A with standard cut-off (≥8) and removal of Q4 of the HADS-D with lower cut-off ≥5.</jats:p>","journal":"Chronic Respiratory Disease","year":2016,"id":600668,"datarank":0.6414999178524083,"base_score":4.276666119016055,"endowment":4.276666119016055,"self_citation_contribution":0.6414999178524083,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6414999178524083,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":71,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1540004,"name":"Owen Carter","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1091339,"name":"Claire Adams","orcid":"0000-0003-3871-9267","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":369795,"name":"Grant Waterer","orcid":"0000-0002-7222-8018","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1540005,"name":"Li Ping Chung","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1540006,"name":"Maxine Hawkins","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1540008,"name":"Cobie Rudd","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1061651,"name":"Mel Ziman","orcid":"0000-0001-7527-3538","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":6066,"name":"Natalie Strobel","orcid":"0000-0002-2962-5704","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":173169,"name":"Tina Phan","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Discriminant validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Beck Depression Inventory (II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory to confirmed clinical diagnosis of depression and anxiety in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this study was to investigate the discriminant validity of commonly used depression and anxiety screening tools in order to determine the most suitable tool for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD patients ( n = 56) completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). These scores were compared to confirmed clinical diagnoses of depression and anxiety using the Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview. HADS depression subscale (HADS-D) sensitivity/specificity was 78/81%; BDI-II 89/77%; HADS anxiety subscale (HADS-A) 71/81%; and BAI 89/62%. HADS-D sensitivity/specificity was improved (100/83%) with the removal of Q4 ‘I feel as if I am slowed down’ and adjusted cut-off (≥5). Removal of BDI-II Q21 ‘Loss of interest in sex’ with adjusted cut-off ≥12 resulted in similar improvement (100/79%). No problematic items were identified for HADS-A or BAI. Previously reported low sensitivity/specificity of the HADS for COPD patients was not replicated. Furthermore, simple modifications of the HADS-D markedly improved sensitivity/specificity for depression.</jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>BDI-II, HADS-A and BAI produced acceptable sensitivity/specificity unmodified. Pending further research for COPD patients we recommend continued use of the HADS-A with standard cut-off (≥8) and removal of Q4 of the HADS-D with lower cut-off ≥5.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":4.276666119016055,"endowment":4.276666119016055,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"26944070","pmcid":"PMC5720182","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2303506282","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":4.9245,"citation_percentile":0.95603661,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2016,"count":2},{"year":2017,"count":3},{"year":2018,"count":9},{"year":2019,"count":7},{"year":2020,"count":10},{"year":2021,"count":9},{"year":2022,"count":6},{"year":2023,"count":15},{"year":2025,"count":9},{"year":2026,"count":1}],"oa_status":"bronze","license":"cc-by-nc-nd","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1479972316634604","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1479972316634604","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/1479972316634604","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1479972316634604","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26944070","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5720182","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/8083c767-9f74-42b2-95ee-b0f19c360a5c","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworkspost2013/2130","host_type":"journal"}],"fields_of_study":["Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","Cancer survivorship and care","Asthma and respiratory diseases","Aged","Aged, 80 and over","Anxiety Disorders","Depression","Female","Follow-Up Studies","Humans","Male","Middle Aged","Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive","ROC Curve","Reproducibility of Results","Surveys and Questionnaires"],"mesh_terms":["Aged","Aged, 80 and over","Anxiety Disorders","Depression","Female","Follow-Up Studies","Humans","Male","Middle Aged","Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","Surveys and Questionnaires","ROC Curve","Reproducibility of Results","Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive"],"keywords":["Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale","Beck Depression Inventory","COPD","Medicine","Anxiety","Depression (economics)","Beck Anxiety Inventory","Internal medicine","Psychiatry","Physical therapy","Depression","Validity","Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)","Screening Tools"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Reduced inequalities"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-29T13:47:39.239708Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}