{"doi":"10.1177/10499091231223964","title":"The Association Between an Electronic Health Record (EHR)–Embedded Frailty Index and Patient-Reported Outcomes Among Patients with Metastatic Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer on Immunotherapy: A Brief Report","abstract":"Background: While frailty is a well-established predictor of overall mortality among patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC), its association with patient-reported outcomes is not well-characterized. The goal of this study was to examine the association between an electronic frailty index (eFI) score and patient-reported outcome measures along with prognostic awareness among patients with mNSCLC receiving immunotherapy. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, patients with mNSCLC who were on immunotherapy completed the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC-QLQ-C30) and the National Cancer Institute Patient Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE). We utilized bivariate analyses to compare quality of life, symptoms, supportive services, and prognostic awareness among 3 groups defined by e-frailty status. Results: Sixty patients (mean age 62.5 years, 75% Caucasian, 60% women) participated. Most patients were pre-frail (68%), with 13% being frail and 18% non-frail. Pre-frail and frail patients had significantly lower physical function scores (mean 83.9 fit vs 74.8 pre-frail vs 60.0 frail, P = .04) and higher rates of self-reported pain (75% frail vs 41.5% pre-frail vs 18.2% fit; P = .04) compared to non-frail patients. We found no differences in palliative referral rates. Conclusion: Pre-frail and frail mNSCLC patients identified by the eFI have higher rates of pain and physical functional impairments than non-frail patients. These findings highlight the importance of emphasizing preventive interventions targeting social needs, functional limitations, and pain management, especially among pre-frail patients to reduce further decline.","journal":"American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine®","year":2023,"id":379425,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9596,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1144209,"name":"Saadia Nur","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":357170,"name":"Beverly J. Levine","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":281348,"name":"Thomas Lycan","orcid":"0000-0001-9475-1558","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":295974,"name":"Nicholas M. Pajewski","orcid":"0000-0002-4447-6196","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":937820,"name":"Erica Frechman","orcid":"0000-0002-7726-347X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":307707,"name":"Kathryn E. Callahan","orcid":"0000-0001-6405-3062","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":316811,"name":"Heidi D. Klepin","orcid":"0000-0002-6262-1123","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":317116,"name":"Laurie E. McLouth","orcid":"0000-0002-4888-6520","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":424046,"name":"Jennifer Gabbard","orcid":"0000-0001-8666-4833","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":37,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:16:52.622552Z","pmid":"38133583","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}