{"doi":"10.1177/0883073810371981","title":"Changes of Urine Dihydroxyphenylglycol to Norepinephrine Ratio in Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Treated With Atomoxetine","abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated changes in the urine dihydroxyphenylglycol to norepinephrine ratio in patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treated with atomoxetine. The possible relationship with clinical response was also explored. Newly ADHD diagnosed, treatment-naïve children or adolescents were double-blindly randomized (2:1) to atomoxetine (n = 28) or placebo (n = 13). The dihydroxyphenylglycol to norepinephrine ratio decreased in both groups, showing significantly greater changes with atomoxetine than with placebo at week 6 (-42% versus -14%; P = .001), when dosed at 1.2 mg/kg/day, than at week 2 (-20% versus -2%; P = .118) with a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day. Although the significant dihydroxyphenylglycol to norepinephrine ratio decrease with atomoxetine indicated norepinephrine transporter blockade, no association with ADHD clinical response (ADHD Rating Scale-IV-Parent:Investigator) was found. Therefore, dihydroxyphenylglycol to norepinephrine ratio might be a useful pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic biomarker, although not sufficiently sensitive to predict clinical efficacy. It remains a possibility that this ratio might have value to facilitate personalized atomoxetine pharmacotherapy in ADHD patients.</jats:p>","journal":"Journal of Child Neurology","year":2011,"id":624279,"datarank":0.37273599746820013,"base_score":2.4849066497880004,"endowment":2.4849066497880004,"self_citation_contribution":0.37273599746820013,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.37273599746820013,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":11,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1613760,"name":"Rodrigo Escobar","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1613761,"name":"María J. García-Polavieja","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1613762,"name":"D. Richard Lachno","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1613763,"name":"José Ángel Alda","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1613764,"name":"Josep Artigas","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1598575,"name":"Esther Cardo","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1161613,"name":"Marta García","orcid":"0000-0002-9495-5443","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1613765,"name":"Xavier Gastaminza","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1555333,"name":"Inmaculada Gilaberte","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1613759,"name":"Alonso Montoya","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Changes of Urine Dihydroxyphenylglycol to Norepinephrine Ratio in Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Treated With Atomoxetine","abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated changes in the urine dihydroxyphenylglycol to norepinephrine ratio in patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treated with atomoxetine. The possible relationship with clinical response was also explored. Newly ADHD diagnosed, treatment-naïve children or adolescents were double-blindly randomized (2:1) to atomoxetine (n = 28) or placebo (n = 13). The dihydroxyphenylglycol to norepinephrine ratio decreased in both groups, showing significantly greater changes with atomoxetine than with placebo at week 6 (-42% versus -14%; P = .001), when dosed at 1.2 mg/kg/day, than at week 2 (-20% versus -2%; P = .118) with a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day. Although the significant dihydroxyphenylglycol to norepinephrine ratio decrease with atomoxetine indicated norepinephrine transporter blockade, no association with ADHD clinical response (ADHD Rating Scale-IV-Parent:Investigator) was found. Therefore, dihydroxyphenylglycol to norepinephrine ratio might be a useful pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic biomarker, although not sufficiently sensitive to predict clinical efficacy. It remains a possibility that this ratio might have value to facilitate personalized atomoxetine pharmacotherapy in ADHD patients.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":2.4849066497880004,"endowment":2.4849066497880004,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"20525942","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2022516563","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":0.6816,"citation_percentile":0.68797101,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":3},{"year":2013,"count":1},{"year":2015,"count":4},{"year":2016,"count":1},{"year":2020,"count":1},{"year":2024,"count":1}],"oa_status":"closed","license":"https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0883073810371981","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0883073810371981","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20525942","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","Bipolar Disorder and Treatment","Functional Brain Connectivity Studies"],"mesh_terms":["Atomoxetine Hydrochloride","Adolescent","Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity","Child","Double-Blind Method","Female","Humans","Male","Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol","Norepinephrine","Pilot Projects","Propylamines","Treatment Outcome","Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors"],"keywords":["Atomoxetine","Norepinephrine transporter","Norepinephrine","Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","Placebo","Atomoxetine hydrochloride","Medicine","Pharmacodynamics","Anesthesia","Internal medicine","Pharmacokinetics","Psychiatry","Methylphenidate","Dopamine"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-04T03:20:24.616425Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}