{"doi":"10.1177/0706743720934959","title":"Overestimation of Postpartum Depression Prevalence Based on a 5-item Version of the EPDS: Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis","abstract":"<h4>Objective</h4>The Maternal Mental Health in Canada, 2018/2019, survey reported that 18% of 7,085 mothers who recently gave birth reported \"feelings consistent with postpartum depression\" based on scores ≥7 on a 5-item version of the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS-5). The EPDS-5 was designed as a screening questionnaire, not to classify disorders or estimate prevalence; the extent to which EPDS-5 results reflect depression prevalence is unknown. We investigated EPDS-5 ≥7 performance relative to major depression prevalence based on a validated diagnostic interview, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID).<h4>Methods</h4>We searched Medline, Medline In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, PsycINFO, and the Web of Science Core Collection through June 2016 for studies with data sets with item response data to calculate EPDS-5 scores and that used the SCID to ascertain depression status. We conducted an individual participant data meta-analysis to estimate pooled percentage of EPDS-5 ≥7, pooled SCID major depression prevalence, and the pooled difference in prevalence.<h4>Results</h4>A total of 3,958 participants from 19 primary studies were included. Pooled prevalence of SCID major depression was 9.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.0% to 13.7%), pooled percentage of participants with EPDS-5 ≥7 was 16.2% (95% CI 10.7% to 23.8%), and pooled difference was 8.0% (95% CI 2.9% to 13.2%). In the 19 included studies, mean and median ratios of EPDS-5 to SCID prevalence were 2.1 and 1.4 times.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Prevalence estimated based on EPDS-5 ≥7 appears to be substantially higher than the prevalence of major depression. Validated diagnostic interviews should be used to establish prevalence.","journal":"The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry","year":2020,"id":221,"datarank":0.42498200160843247,"base_score":2.833213344056216,"endowment":2.833213344056216,"self_citation_contribution":0.42498200160843247,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.42498200160843247,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":16,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.0372,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":1,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-10-26","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":2035,"name":"Brooke Levis","orcid":"0000-0002-4310-3689","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":2036,"name":"Anita Lyubenova","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":59287,"name":"Tiffany Dal Santo","orcid":"0000-0001-8505-3969","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":2038,"name":"Zelalem Negeri","orcid":"0000-0002-3154-3855","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":2039,"name":"Yin Wu","orcid":"0000-0001-5527-1746","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":2040,"name":"Ying Sun","orcid":"0000-0002-8529-3521","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":2041,"name":"Chen He","orcid":"0000-0002-7308-0350","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":2042,"name":"Ankur Krishnan","orcid":"0000-0001-8671-7421","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":2043,"name":"Simone N. Vigod","orcid":"0000-0002-2736-9639","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":2044,"name":"Parash Mani Bhandari","orcid":"0000-0002-4235-3029","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":2045,"name":"Mahrukh Imran","orcid":"0000-0002-2478-0182","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":2046,"name":"Danielle B. Rice","orcid":"0000-0001-5615-7005","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":2047,"name":"Marleine Azar","orcid":null,"position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":2048,"name":"Matthew J. Chiovitti","orcid":null,"position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":2049,"name":"Nazanin Saadat","orcid":null,"position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":2050,"name":"Kira E. 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