{"doi":"10.1172/jci137560","title":"Hypoxia-inducible factors and obstructive sleep apnea","abstract":"Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is a hallmark manifestation of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a widespread disorder of breathing. This Review focuses on the role of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cognitive decline in experimental models of IH patterned after O2 profiles seen in OSA. IH increases HIF-1α and decreases HIF-2α protein levels. Dysregulated HIFs increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) through HIF-1-dependent activation of pro-oxidant enzyme genes in addition to reduced transcription of antioxidant genes by HIF-2. ROS in turn activate chemoreflex and suppress baroreflex, thereby stimulating the sympathetic nervous system and causing hypertension. We also discuss how increased ROS generation by HIF-1 contributes to IH-induced insulin resistance and T2D as well as disrupted NMDA receptor signaling in the hippocampus, resulting in cognitive decline.","journal":"Journal of Clinical Investigation","year":2020,"id":49035,"datarank":0.8609689368268852,"base_score":5.739792912179234,"endowment":5.739792912179234,"self_citation_contribution":0.8609689368268852,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.8609689368268852,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":310,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9662,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":235159,"name":"Yingjie Peng","orcid":"0000-0001-8302-5198","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":235160,"name":"Jayasri Nanduri","orcid":"0000-0003-3984-7447","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":235158,"name":"Nanduri R. Prabhakar","orcid":"0000-0003-4570-1380","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":158,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-18T20:36:25.163232Z","pmid":"32730232","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}