{"doi":"10.1172/jci.insight.166292","title":"IL-15 enhances HIV-1 infection by promoting survival and proliferation of CCR5+CD4+ T cells","abstract":"HIV-1 usually utilizes CCR5 as its coreceptor and rarely switches to a CXCR4-tropic virus until the late stage of infection. CCR5+CD4+ T cells are the major virus-producing cells in viremic individuals as well as SIV-infected nonhuman primates. The differentiation of CCR5+CD4+ T cells is associated with the availability of IL-15, which increases during acute HIV-1 infection. Here, we report that CCR5 was expressed by CD4+ T cells exhibiting effector or effector memory phenotypes with high expression levels of the IL-2/IL-15 receptor common β and γ chains. IL-15, but not IL-7, improved the survival of CCR5+CD4+ T cells, drove their expansion, and facilitated HIV-1 infection in vitro and in humanized mice. Our study suggests that IL-15 plays confounding roles in HIV-1 infection, and future studies on the IL-15-based boosting of anti-HIV-1 immunity should carefully examine the potential effects on the expansion of HIV-1 reservoirs in CCR5+CD4+ T cells.","journal":"JCI Insight","year":2023,"id":345714,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":12,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9484,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":576120,"name":"Hongbo Gao","orcid":"0000-0003-2013-5298","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":576121,"name":"Kolin M. Clark","orcid":"0000-0003-3025-125X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":413853,"name":"Liang Shan","orcid":"0000-0002-8833-2514","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":678587,"name":"Yuhao Li","orcid":"0000-0003-2413-0937","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":61,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:11:44.152490Z","pmid":"36821374","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}