{"doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.5.5","title":"Three-Year Change in Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness and Area With Multifocal Contact Lens Wear in the Bifocal Lenses in Nearsighted Kids (BLINK) Study","abstract":"Purpose: To evaluate changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness and area in children wearing soft multifocal contact lenses (MFCLs) for myopia control. Methods: Analyses included 281 myopic children aged 7 to 11 years in the Bifocal Lenses in Nearsighted Kids (BLINK) Study randomly assigned to wear single vision contact lenses (SVCLs), +1.50 D add, or +2.50 D add center-distance MFCL. Subfoveal choroidal thickness and choroidal area were measured using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography before and after 2 weeks of lens wear, and then annually for 3 years. Repeated measures linear regression was used to determine the effect of contact lens wear on the choroid and test the association between choroidal changes and axial elongation. Results: After initiating contact lens wear, mean ± SE subfoveal choroidal thickness and choroidal area increased in the +2.50 D MFCL group compared with the SVCL group by 8 ± 3 µm (P = 0.003) and 0.07 ± 0.02 mm2 (P = 0.002), a difference maintained throughout the 3-year study (P ≥ 0.55). Increased choroidal thickness and area after 2 weeks in the +2.50 D MFCL group vs. SVCL group were associated with less axial elongation over 3 years (β = -0.0058 mm/µm and -0.947 mm/mm2; P = 0.02 and P = 0.006; 20% and 29% of total treatment effect, respectively). Conclusions: The choroid increased in subfoveal thickness and area after 2 weeks of +2.50 D MFCL wear, which was maintained for 3 years and was associated with slower axial elongation. However, only a portion of the treatment effect can be accounted for by the choroidal parameters.","journal":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science","year":2025,"id":518312,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":7,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.5797,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":235370,"name":"David A. Berntsen","orcid":"0000-0002-5152-4758","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":914954,"name":"Matt L. Robich","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1115984,"name":"Rachel Fenton","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1119178,"name":"Anita Tićak","orcid":"0000-0002-1050-3731","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1385741,"name":"Justina R. Assaad","orcid":"0000-0002-2277-9807","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":498285,"name":"Hope M Queener","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":420994,"name":"Stephanie J. Chiu","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":418176,"name":"Sina Farsiu","orcid":"0000-0003-4872-2902","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":235368,"name":"Donald O. Mutti","orcid":"0000-0003-2262-3850","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":235369,"name":"Lisa A. Jones‐Jordan","orcid":"0000-0001-8389-9215","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":235366,"name":"Jeffrey J. Walline","orcid":"0000-0002-9503-6094","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":238680,"name":"for the BLINK Study Group","orcid":null,"position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":235367,"name":"Maria K. Walker","orcid":"0000-0001-8554-7678","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":63,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:49:09.679930Z","pmid":"40314656","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}