{"doi":"10.1165/rcmb.2022-0315oc","title":"Loss of ANT1 Increases Fibrosis and Epithelial Cell Senescence in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease characterized by progressive lung scarring and remodeling. Although treatments exist that slow disease progression, IPF is irreversible, and there is no cure. Cellular senescence, a major hallmark of aging, has been implicated in IPF pathogenesis, and mitochondrial dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a driver of senescence. Adenine nucleotide translocases (ANTs) are abundant mitochondrial ATP–ADP transporters critical for regulating cell fate and maintaining mitochondrial function. We sought to determine how alterations in ANTs influence cellular senescence in pulmonary fibrosis. We found that SLC25A4 (solute carrier family 25 member 4) (ANT1) and SLC25A5 (ANT2) expression is reduced in the lungs of patients with IPF, particularly within alveolar type II (AT2) cells, by single-cell RNA sequencing and tissue staining. Loss of ANT1 by siRNA in lung epithelial cells resulted in increased senescence markers such as β-galactosidase and p21, with a reduction in the ratio of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Bleomycin-treated ANT1 knockdown cells also had increased senescence markers compared with bleomycin-treated control cells. Loss of ANT1 in AT2 cells resulted in a reduction in alveolar organoid growth, with an increase in p21 by staining. Global loss of ANT1 resulted in worse lung fibrosis and increased senescence in the bleomycin- and asbestos-induced mouse models of pulmonary fibrosis. In summary, loss of ANT1 contributes to IPF pathogenesis through mitochondrial dysfunction, increased senescence, and decreased regenerative capacity of AT2 cells, resulting in enhanced lung fibrosis. Modulation of ANTs presents a new therapeutic avenue that may alter cellular senescence pathways and limit pulmonary fibrosis.</jats:p>","journal":"American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology","year":2023,"id":615380,"datarank":0.5333022092234121,"base_score":3.5553480614894135,"endowment":3.5553480614894135,"self_citation_contribution":0.5333022092234121,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5333022092234121,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":34,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":348999,"name":"Jennifer C. Boatz","orcid":"0000-0002-8240-5778","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":495264,"name":"Jian Shi","orcid":"0000-0003-4115-8819","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":12657,"name":"Qianjiang Hu","orcid":"0000-0003-1069-3181","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":734991,"name":"Xiaoyun Li","orcid":"0000-0002-7749-4948","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":24929,"name":"Yingze Zhang","orcid":"0000-0001-8042-6105","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":574,"name":"Melanie Königshoff","orcid":"0000-0001-9414-5128","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":574590,"name":"Corrine R. Kliment","orcid":"0000-0002-3815-9370","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":818747,"name":"Justin Sui","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Loss of ANT1 Increases Fibrosis and Epithelial Cell Senescence in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease characterized by progressive lung scarring and remodeling. Although treatments exist that slow disease progression, IPF is irreversible, and there is no cure. Cellular senescence, a major hallmark of aging, has been implicated in IPF pathogenesis, and mitochondrial dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a driver of senescence. Adenine nucleotide translocases (ANTs) are abundant mitochondrial ATP–ADP transporters critical for regulating cell fate and maintaining mitochondrial function. We sought to determine how alterations in ANTs influence cellular senescence in pulmonary fibrosis. We found that SLC25A4 (solute carrier family 25 member 4) (ANT1) and SLC25A5 (ANT2) expression is reduced in the lungs of patients with IPF, particularly within alveolar type II (AT2) cells, by single-cell RNA sequencing and tissue staining. Loss of ANT1 by siRNA in lung epithelial cells resulted in increased senescence markers such as β-galactosidase and p21, with a reduction in the ratio of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Bleomycin-treated ANT1 knockdown cells also had increased senescence markers compared with bleomycin-treated control cells. Loss of ANT1 in AT2 cells resulted in a reduction in alveolar organoid growth, with an increase in p21 by staining. Global loss of ANT1 resulted in worse lung fibrosis and increased senescence in the bleomycin- and asbestos-induced mouse models of pulmonary fibrosis. In summary, loss of ANT1 contributes to IPF pathogenesis through mitochondrial dysfunction, increased senescence, and decreased regenerative capacity of AT2 cells, resulting in enhanced lung fibrosis. Modulation of ANTs presents a new therapeutic avenue that may alter cellular senescence pathways and limit pulmonary fibrosis.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":3.5553480614894135,"endowment":3.5553480614894135,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"37487137","pmcid":"PMC10633847","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4385190844","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","grant_id":"T32 HL007563","title":null},{"funder_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","grant_id":"F30HL165827","title":null},{"funder_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","grant_id":"R01HL141380","title":null},{"funder_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","grant_id":"5K08-HL141595","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIA NIH HHS","grant_id":"U54 AG075931","title":null},{"funder_name":"NHLBI NIH HHS","grant_id":"K08 HL141595","title":null},{"funder_name":"Burroughs Wellcome Fund","grant_id":"","title":null},{"funder_name":"Parker Foundation","grant_id":"","title":null}],"total_grants":8,"fwci":5.6242,"citation_percentile":0.97089623,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2023,"count":4},{"year":2024,"count":5},{"year":2025,"count":14},{"year":2026,"count":11}],"oa_status":"green","license":"https://academic.oup.com/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10633847/pdf/rcmb.2022-0315OC.pdf","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10633847/pdf/rcmb.2022-0315OC.pdf","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://academic.oup.com/ajrcmb/article-pdf/69/5/556/66298055/ajrcmb_69_5_556.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10633847","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.2022-0315oc","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37487137","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Interstitial Lung Diseases and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis","Neonatal Respiratory Health Research","MicroRNA in disease regulation","Animals","Humans","Mice","Bleomycin","Cellular Senescence","Epithelial Cells","Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis","Lung","NAD","Adenine Nucleotide Translocator 1"],"mesh_terms":["Animals","Bleomycin","Epithelial Cells","Humans","Lung","NAD","Cellular Senescence","Adenine Nucleotide Translocator 1","Mice","Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis"],"keywords":["Senescence","Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","Pulmonary fibrosis","Fibrosis","Medicine","Cell","Pathology","Biology","Internal medicine","Cancer research","Lung","Genetics","Mitochondria","Bleomycin","Adenine Nucleotide Translocase","Ipf"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[{"name":"geo"},{"name":"doi"}],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-02T19:50:41.152861Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}