{"doi":"10.1162/qss_a_00212","title":"Funding COVID-19 research: Insights from an exploratory analysis using open data infrastructures","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To analyze the outcomes of the funding they provide, it is essential for funding agencies to be able to trace the publications resulting from their funding. We study the open availability of funding data in Crossref, focusing on funding data for publications that report research related to COVID-19. We also present a comparison with the funding data available in two proprietary bibliometric databases: Scopus and Web of Science. Our analysis reveals limited coverage of funding data in Crossref. It also shows problems related to the quality of funding data, especially in Scopus. We offer recommendations for improving the open availability of funding data in Crossref.</jats:p>","journal":"Quantitative Science Studies","year":2022,"id":4160,"datarank":0.722450971904612,"base_score":2.772588722239781,"endowment":2.772588722239781,"self_citation_contribution":0.41588830833596724,"citation_network_contribution":0.3065626635686448,"self_endowment_contribution":0.41588830833596724,"citer_contribution":0.3065626635686448,"corpus_percentile":54.922701383238405,"corpus_rank":555,"citation_count":15,"citer_count":13,"citers_with_citation_signal":9,"citers_with_endowment":9,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.6913,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":23.3333,"fair_percentile":2.550571679859279,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":235,"name":"Nees Jan van Eck","orcid":"0000-0001-8448-4521","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":236,"name":"Ludo Waltman","orcid":"0000-0001-8249-1752","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":41896,"name":"Alexis-Michel Mugabushaka","orcid":"0000-0003-4624-568X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":41,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-03-01T18:20:47.508186Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":32.0,"fair_a":48.0,"fair_i":0.0,"fair_r":13.3333,"fair_zscore":-1.979,"fair_rationale":{"fair_score":23.33,"has_llm":true,"dimensions":{"F":{"name":"Findable","score":32.0,"criteria":[{"key":"f_has_doi","label":"Has a persistent DOI","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.0,"fraction":1.0,"signal":"DOI present","rationale":null},{"key":"f_repository_presence","label":"Indexed in repositories / literature DBs","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"datacite=0, pmcid=False, pmid=False","rationale":null},{"key":"f_persistent_ids","label":"Resolvable scholarly identifiers (OpenAlex)","kind":"deterministic","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"no OpenAlex id","rationale":null},{"key":"f_metadata_richness","label":"Rich, machine-readable metadata","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"signal":null,"rationale":"No evidence of machine-readable metadata provided; the paper only mentions analyzing metadata from Crossref, Scopus, and Web of Science without providing any itself."}]},"A":{"name":"Accessible","score":48.0,"criteria":[{"key":"a_open_access","label":"Open Access / files deposited","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.5,"fraction":1.0,"signal":"Open Access","rationale":null},{"key":"a_retrievable","label":"Free full text retrievable","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"0 OA location(s)","rationale":null},{"key":"a_access_protocol","label":"Clear data/code access protocol","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"signal":null,"rationale":"No access protocol for data or code is described; the paper does not specify how to access the underlying data or code."}]},"I":{"name":"Interoperable","score":0.0,"criteria":[{"key":"i_linked_data","label":"Linked datasets / DataCite relations","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"linked_datasets=0, datacite=0","rationale":null},{"key":"i_standard_ids","label":"References data via standard accessions","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"accessions=0, trials=0","rationale":null},{"key":"i_standards","label":"Standard formats, vocabularies & identifiers","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"signal":null,"rationale":"No use of standard formats, vocabularies, or identifiers is evident; the paper discusses external databases but does not provide data in standard formats."}]},"R":{"name":"Reusable","score":13.33,"criteria":[{"key":"r_license","label":"Clear, open reuse license","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.5,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"no license","rationale":null},{"key":"r_downloads","label":"Demonstrated reuse (downloads)","kind":"deterministic","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"downloads=0","rationale":null},{"key":"r_version","label":"Versioned / maintained","kind":"deterministic","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"no version chain","rationale":null},{"key":"r_dataset","label":"Classified as a data resource","kind":"deterministic","weight":0.5,"fraction":1.0,"signal":"is_dataset","rationale":null},{"key":"r_reusability","label":"Data-availability statement, license & reproducibility","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"signal":null,"rationale":"No data availability statement, license, or reproducibility information is provided, making reuse impossible based on the text."}]}},"suggestions":["Include a data availability statement specifying where the underlying data (e.g., funding records, analysis scripts) can be accessed.","Provide a clear access protocol, such as a DOI or URL to a public repository (e.g., GitHub, Zenodo) with both data and code.","Use standard formats (e.g., CSV, JSON-LD) and controlled vocabularies (e.g., FundRef, RRID) for any provided data or metadata.","Add a license (e.g., CC-BY 4.0) to the data or code to specify reuse permissions.","Publish a detailed reproducibility guide, including version numbers of software and steps to recreate the analysis."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","agent_version":"fair_agent_v2","fulltext_source":"abstract_only"},"fair_model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","fair_agent_version":"fair_agent_v2","fair_fulltext_source":"abstract_only","fair_has_llm":true,"fair_computed_at":"2026-06-18T00:48:43.823337Z","clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}