{"doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02021","title":"Awake Hippocampal–Cortical Co-reactivation Is Associated with Forgetting","abstract":"Systems consolidation theories posit that consolidation occurs primarily through a coordinated communication between hippocampus and neocortex [Moscovitch, M., & Gilboa, A. Systems consolidation, transformation and reorganization: Multiple trace theory, trace transformation theory and their competitors. PsyArXiv, 2021; Kumaran, D., Hassabis, D., & McClelland, J. L. What learning systems do intelligent agents need? Complementary learning systems theory updated. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 20, 512-534, 2016; McClelland, J. L., & O'Reilly, R. C. Why there are complementary learning systems in the hippocampus and neocortex: Insights from the successes and failures of connectionist models of learning and memory. Psychological Review, 102, 419-457, 1995]. Recent sleep studies in rodents have shown that hippocampus and visual cortex replay the same information at temporal proximity (\"co-replay\"; Lansink, C. S., Goltstein, P. M., Lankelma, J. V., McNaughton, B. L., & Pennartz, C. M. A. Hippocampus leads ventral striatum in replay of place-reward information. PLoS Biology, 7, e1000173, 2009; Peyrache, A., Khamassi, M., Benchenane, K., Wiener, S. I., & Battaglia, F. P. Replay of rule-learning related neural patterns in the prefrontal cortex during sleep. Nature Neuroscience, 12, 919-926, 2009; Wierzynski, C. M., Lubenov, E. V., Gu, M., & Siapas, A. G. State-dependent spike-timing relationships between hippocampal and prefrontal circuits during sleep. Neuron, 61, 587-596, 2009; Ji, D., & Wilson, M. A. Coordinated memory replay in the visual cortex and hippocampus during sleep. Nature Neuroscience, 10, 100-107, 2007). We developed a novel repetition time (TR)-based co-reactivation analysis method to study hippocampal-cortical co-replays in humans using fMRI. Thirty-six young adults completed an image (face or scene) and location paired associate encoding task in the scanner, which were preceded and followed by resting state scans. We identified post-encoding rest TRs (± 1) that showed neural reactivation of each image-location trials in both hippocampus (HPC) and category-selective cortex (fusiform face area [FFA]). This allowed us to characterize temporally proximal coordinated reactivations (\"co-reactivations\") between HPC and FFA. Moreover, we found that increased HPC-FFA co-reactivations were associated with incorrectly recognized trials after a 1-week delay (p = .004). Finally, we found that these HPC-FFA co-reactivations were also associated with trials that were initially correctly recognized immediately after encoding but were later forgotten in 1-day (p = .043) and 1-week delay period (p = .031). We discuss these results from a trace transformation perspective [Sekeres, M. J., Winocur, G., & Moscovitch, M. The hippocampus and related neocortical structures in memory transformation. Neuroscience Letters, 680, 39-53, 2018; Winocur, G., & Moscovitch, M. Memory transformation and systems consolidation. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 17, 766-780, 2011] and speculate that HPC-FFA co-reactivations may be integrating related events, at the expense of disrupting event-specific details, hence leading to forgetting.","journal":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","year":2023,"id":357887,"datarank":0.38474240361923057,"base_score":2.5649493574615367,"endowment":2.5649493574615367,"self_citation_contribution":0.38474240361923057,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.38474240361923057,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":12,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9716,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":729819,"name":"Emily T. Cowan","orcid":"0000-0002-9956-0475","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":560735,"name":"Athanasia Metoki","orcid":"0000-0002-8945-269X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":877529,"name":"Katie R. Jobson","orcid":"0000-0002-9078-2733","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":816864,"name":"Vishnu P. Murty","orcid":"0000-0002-1360-3156","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":421714,"name":"Jason Chein","orcid":"0000-0002-8430-7899","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":336048,"name":"Ingrid R. Olson","orcid":"0000-0001-8947-6432","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":816863,"name":"Büşra Tanrıverdi","orcid":"0000-0001-6484-4585","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":64,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:13:39.186262Z","pmid":"37348130","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}