{"doi":"10.1161/strokeaha.123.043922","title":"Association of HIV and HCV Infection With Carotid Artery Plaque Echomorphology in the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study","abstract":"BACKGROUND: HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are associated with increased risk of carotid artery atherosclerotic plaque and stroke. We examined associations of HIV- and HCV-related factors with echomorphologic features of carotid artery plaque. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included participants from the MACS (Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study)/WIHS (Women’s Interagency HIV Study) Combined Cohort Study who underwent high-resolution B-mode carotid artery ultrasound. Plaques were characterized from 6 areas of the right carotid artery. Poisson regression controlling for demographic and cardiometabolic risk factors determined adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% CIs for associations of HIV- and HCV-related factors with echomorphologic features. RESULTS: Of 2655 participants (65% women, median age 44 [interquartile range, 37–50] years), 1845 (70%) were living with HIV, 600 (23%) were living with HCV, and 425 (16%) had carotid plaque. There were 191 plaques identified in 129 (11%) women with HIV, 51 plaques in 32 (7%) women without HIV, 248 plaques in 171 (28%) men with HIV, and 139 plaques in 93 (29%) men without HIV. Adjusted analyses showed that people with HIV and current CD4 + count <200 cells/µL had a significantly higher prevalence of predominantly echolucent plaque (aPR, 1.86 [95% CI, 1.08–3.21]) than those without HIV. HCV infection alone (aPR, 1.86 [95% CI, 1.08–3.19]) and HIV-HCV coinfection (aPR, 1.75 [95% CI, 1.10–2.78]) were each associated with higher prevalence of predominantly echogenic plaque. HIV-HCV coinfection was also associated with higher prevalence of smooth surface plaque (aPR, 2.75 [95% CI, 1.03–7.32]) compared with people without HIV and HCV. CONCLUSIONS: HIV with poor immunologic control, as well as HCV infection, either alone or in the presence of HIV, were associated with different echomorphologic phenotypes of carotid artery plaque.","journal":"Stroke","year":2024,"id":467258,"datarank":0.232493116812815,"base_score":1.3862943611198906,"endowment":1.3862943611198906,"self_citation_contribution":0.20794415416798362,"citation_network_contribution":0.024548962644831394,"self_endowment_contribution":0.20794415416798362,"citer_contribution":0.024548962644831394,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":3,"citer_count":2,"citers_with_citation_signal":1,"citers_with_endowment":1,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.5121,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":218544,"name":"Jee‐Young Moon","orcid":"0000-0001-9218-8335","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1300062,"name":"Krista Davy","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":21964,"name":"Robert C. Kaplan","orcid":"0000-0003-1571-4615","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":211067,"name":"Kathryn Anastos","orcid":"0000-0002-0769-6405","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":74999,"name":"Carlos J. Rodríguez","orcid":"0000-0003-0860-9008","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":24935,"name":"Wendy S. Post","orcid":"0000-0002-8655-5204","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":240246,"name":"Stephen J. Gange","orcid":"0000-0001-7842-512X","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":69682,"name":"Seble Kassaye","orcid":"0000-0002-7527-7384","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":303938,"name":"Lawrence Kingsley","orcid":"0000-0002-7000-8556","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":368852,"name":"Jason Lazar","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-7932","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":75349,"name":"Wendy J. Mack","orcid":"0000-0002-2474-7921","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1299678,"name":"Nataliya Pyslar","orcid":"0000-0003-4291-9747","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":150354,"name":"Phyllis C. Tien","orcid":null,"position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":303939,"name":"Mallory D. Witt","orcid":"0000-0002-6366-4029","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":240241,"name":"Frank J. Palella","orcid":"0000-0002-2277-6841","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1234272,"name":"Y. Li","orcid":"0009-0003-7648-5833","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":896473,"name":"Mingzhu Yan","orcid":"0000-0002-5806-1602","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":128448,"name":"HOWARD N. HODIS","orcid":null,"position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":368853,"name":"David B. Hanna","orcid":"0000-0002-1985-9865","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":370232,"name":"Claudio Bravo","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":40,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:05:10.907983Z","pmid":"38333992","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}