{"doi":"10.1161/jaha.125.043818","title":"Cumulative Epigenetic Aging From Birth to Young Adulthood and Prospective Associations With Cardiometabolic Health in the CHAMACOS Study","abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Epigenetic modifications linked to biological aging, like DNA methylation (DNAm), may serve as biomarkers for future cardiometabolic disease risk. However, existing studies have focused on older adults, overlooking the early‐life origins of cardiometabolic health.</jats:p>\n          </jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Among 378 participants from the CHAMACOS (Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas) study, we measured DNAm repeatedly from birth to age 18 years to calculate 4 epigenetic aging (EA) biomarkers: Horvath, Skin &amp; Blood, Intrinsic epigenetic age, and DNAm Telomere Length (DNAmTL). We then developed a novel measure of cumulative EA spanning from birth to age 18 years. Using multinomial logistic and multivariable linear regression models, we examined associations between cumulative EA and several indicators of cardiometabolic health at 18 years.</jats:p>\n          </jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">We observed an increased risk of obesity with an interquartile range increase in cumulative EA by Horvath (relative risk [RR], 2.61 [95% CI, 1.79–3.80]), Skin &amp; Blood (RR, 2.76 [95% CI, 1.89–4.03]), and Intrinsic epigenetic age (RR, 1.61 [95% CI, 1.11–2.34]), whereas DNAm TL decreased obesity risk (RR, 0.32 [95% CI, 0.22 –0.45]). Similarly, cumulative EA was associated with higher body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage, systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and resting pulse/heart rate at age 18 years.</jats:p>\n          </jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Cumulative EA throughout childhood predicts young adult cardiometabolic health and may signal increased risk for later cardiometabolic disease, highlighting the value of life‐course epigenetic clocks as biomarkers for early‐life health interventions.</jats:p>\n          </jats:sec>","journal":"Journal of the American Heart Association","year":2025,"id":609807,"datarank":0.26876392038420827,"base_score":1.791759469228055,"endowment":1.791759469228055,"self_citation_contribution":0.26876392038420827,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.26876392038420827,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":5,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":443137,"name":"Corinne A. Riddell","orcid":"0000-0001-9517-0739","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":753734,"name":"Dennis Khodasevich","orcid":"0000-0003-1412-8251","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":338908,"name":"Anne K. Bozack","orcid":"0000-0003-0046-5767","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":314914,"name":"Kim G. Harley","orcid":"0000-0001-7077-1474","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":314913,"name":"Katherine Kogut","orcid":"0000-0002-8564-7801","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":440420,"name":"Ana M. Mora","orcid":"0000-0002-2008-9714","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":282205,"name":"Nina Holland","orcid":"0000-0003-3284-8156","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":275582,"name":"Brenda Eskenazi","orcid":"0000-0001-7609-6852","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":275843,"name":"Julianna Deardorff","orcid":"0000-0002-4708-5289","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":274134,"name":"Andrés Cárdenas","orcid":"0000-0003-2284-3298","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":895916,"name":"Saher Daredia","orcid":"0000-0002-7906-4087","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Cumulative Epigenetic Aging From Birth to Young Adulthood and Prospective Associations With Cardiometabolic Health in the CHAMACOS Study","abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Epigenetic modifications linked to biological aging, like DNA methylation (DNAm), may serve as biomarkers for future cardiometabolic disease risk. However, existing studies have focused on older adults, overlooking the early‐life origins of cardiometabolic health.</jats:p>\n          </jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Among 378 participants from the CHAMACOS (Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas) study, we measured DNAm repeatedly from birth to age 18 years to calculate 4 epigenetic aging (EA) biomarkers: Horvath, Skin &amp; Blood, Intrinsic epigenetic age, and DNAm Telomere Length (DNAmTL). We then developed a novel measure of cumulative EA spanning from birth to age 18 years. Using multinomial logistic and multivariable linear regression models, we examined associations between cumulative EA and several indicators of cardiometabolic health at 18 years.</jats:p>\n          </jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">We observed an increased risk of obesity with an interquartile range increase in cumulative EA by Horvath (relative risk [RR], 2.61 [95% CI, 1.79–3.80]), Skin &amp; Blood (RR, 2.76 [95% CI, 1.89–4.03]), and Intrinsic epigenetic age (RR, 1.61 [95% CI, 1.11–2.34]), whereas DNAm TL decreased obesity risk (RR, 0.32 [95% CI, 0.22 –0.45]). Similarly, cumulative EA was associated with higher body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage, systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and resting pulse/heart rate at age 18 years.</jats:p>\n          </jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Cumulative EA throughout childhood predicts young adult cardiometabolic health and may signal increased risk for later cardiometabolic disease, highlighting the value of life‐course epigenetic clocks as biomarkers for early‐life health interventions.</jats:p>\n          </jats:sec>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":1.791759469228055,"endowment":1.791759469228055,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"41025441","pmcid":"PMC12684496","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4414666661","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"NIMHD NIH HHS","grant_id":"R01 MD016595","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIEHS NIH HHS","grant_id":"U24 ES028529","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIEHS NIH HHS","grant_id":"P01 ES009605","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIEHS NIH HHS","grant_id":"R24 ES028529","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIDA NIH HHS","grant_id":"R01 DA035300","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIEHS NIH HHS","grant_id":"R01 ES026994","title":null}],"total_grants":6,"fwci":2.0542,"citation_percentile":0.87480865,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2025,"count":1},{"year":2026,"count":4}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by-nc-nd","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.125.043818","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.125.043818","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/JAHA.125.043818","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41025441","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/acf561b3ba894519a1b97de6d3a310b8","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4d22k5f3","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12684496","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12684496/","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12684496","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12684496?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"}],"fields_of_study":["Epigenetics and DNA Methylation","Birth, Development, and Health","Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging","Humans","Female","Male","Epigenesis, Genetic","Child","Adolescent","DNA Methylation","Aging","Prospective Studies","Child, Preschool","Infant, Newborn","Infant","Cardiometabolic Risk Factors","Cardiovascular Diseases","Age Factors","Adult","Biomarkers","Young Adult"],"mesh_terms":["Cardiometabolic Risk Factors","Adolescent","Adult","Age Factors","Aging","Cardiovascular Diseases","Child","Child, Preschool","Female","Humans","Infant","Infant, Newborn","Male","Prospective Studies","Biomarkers","DNA Methylation","Epigenesis, Genetic","Young Adult"],"keywords":["Young adult","Epigenetics","Cardiovascular health","Prospective cohort study","Life course approach","Early adulthood","Metabolic syndrome","Health and Retirement Study","DNA methylation","Blood pressure","body mass index","Waist Circumference","Body Fat Percentage","Pulse/heart Rate","Epigenetic Aging"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-31T15:46:58.850461Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}