{"doi":"10.1161/jaha.119.015009","title":"Phenotyping Heart Failure According to the Longitudinal Ejection Fraction Change: Myocardial Strain, Predictors, and Outcomes","abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Many patients with heart failure (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF</jats:styled-content>\n              ) experience changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LVEF</jats:styled-content>\n              ) during follow‐up. We sought to evaluate the predictors and outcomes of different\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF</jats:styled-content>\n              phenotypes according to longitudinal changes in\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EF</jats:styled-content>\n              .\n            </jats:p>\n          </jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results</jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              A total of 2104 patients with acute HF underwent echocardiography at baseline and follow‐up. Global longitudinal strain was measured at index admission. HF phenotypes were defined as persistent HF with reduced EF (persistent HFrEF, LVEF ≤40% at baseline and follow‐up), heart failure with improved ejection fraction (LVEF≤40% at baseline and improved to &gt;40% at follow‐up), heart failure with declined ejection fraction (LVEF&gt;40% at baseline and declined to ≤40% at follow up), and persistent HF with preserved EF (persistent HFpEF, LVEF&gt;40% at baseline and follow‐up). Overall, 1130 patients had HFrEF at baseline; during follow‐up, 54.2% and 46.8% had persistent HFrEF and heart failure with improved ejection fraction, respectively. Among 975 patients with HFpEF at baseline, 89.5% and 10.5% had persistent HFpEF and heart failure with declined ejection fraction at follow‐up, respectively. The 5‐year all‐cause mortality rates were 43.1%, 33.1%, 24%, and 17% for heart failure with declined ejection fraction, persistent HFrEF, persistent HFpEF, and heart failure with improved ejection fraction, respectively (global log‐rank\n              <jats:italic>P</jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001). In multivariable analyses, each 1% increase in global longitudinal strain (greater contractility) was associated with 10% increased odds for heart failure with improved ejection fraction among patients with HFrEF at baseline and 7% reduced odds for heart failure with declined ejection fraction among patients with HFpEF at baseline.\n            </jats:p>\n          </jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LVEF</jats:styled-content>\n              changed during follow‐up. Each\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF</jats:styled-content>\n              phenotype according to longitudinal\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LVEF</jats:styled-content>\n              changes has a distinct prognosis. Global longitudinal strain can be used to predict the\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF</jats:styled-content>\n              phenotype.\n            </jats:p>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              REGISTRATION: URL:\n              <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https://www.clinicaltrials.gov\">https://www.clinicaltrials.gov</jats:ext-link>\n              ; Unique identifier: NCT03513653.\n            </jats:p>\n          </jats:sec>","journal":"Journal of the American Heart Association","year":2020,"id":607674,"datarank":0.6166310796259968,"base_score":4.110873864173311,"endowment":4.110873864173311,"self_citation_contribution":0.6166310796259968,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6166310796259968,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":60,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":49627,"name":"Alexandre Mebazaa","orcid":"0000-0001-8715-7753","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1560447,"name":"In‐Chang Hwang","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1051993,"name":"Jun‐Bean Park","orcid":"0000-0003-4053-8713","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1560448,"name":"Jae‐Hyeong Park","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1560449,"name":"Goo‐Yeong Cho","orcid":"0000-0002-7067-5535","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1265751,"name":"Jin Joo Park","orcid":"0000-0001-9611-1490","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-30T06:48:16.019278Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}