{"doi":"10.1161/atvbaha.120.315547","title":"Patients With COVID-19 Have Elevated Levels of Circulating Extracellular Vesicle Tissue Factor Activity That Is Associated With Severity and Mortality—Brief Report","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have a high rate of thrombosis. We hypothesized that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection leads to induction of TF (tissue factor) expression and increased levels of circulating TF-positive extracellular vesicles (EV) that may drive thrombosis. Approach and Results: We measured levels of plasma EV TF activity in 100 patients with COVID-19 with moderate and severe disease and 28 healthy controls. Levels of EV TF activity were significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 compared with controls. In addition, levels of EV TF activity were associated with disease severity and mortality. Finally, levels of EV TF activity correlated with several plasma markers, including D-dimer, which has been shown to be associated with thrombosis in patients with COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection induces the release of TF-positive EVs into the circulation that are likely to contribute to thrombosis in patients with COVID-19. EV TF activity was also associated with severity and mortality.","journal":"Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology","year":2020,"id":49944,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":220,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9558,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":243106,"name":"Sebastian Havervall","orcid":"0000-0003-1671-8183","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":243107,"name":"Fien A. von Meijenfeldt","orcid":"0000-0003-0274-2414","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":243108,"name":"Yohei Hisada","orcid":"0000-0001-9157-0524","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":244204,"name":"Katherina Aguilera","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":243109,"name":"Steven P. Grover","orcid":"0000-0001-8709-8394","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":243110,"name":"Ton Lisman","orcid":"0000-0002-3503-7140","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":243111,"name":"Nigel Mackman","orcid":"0000-0002-9170-7700","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":243112,"name":"Charlotte Thålin","orcid":"0000-0002-1345-6491","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":243105,"name":"Axel Rosell","orcid":"0000-0001-6280-0562","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":29,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T20:37:28.027635Z","pmid":"33267656","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}