{"doi":"10.1159/000527804","title":"Probable Sarcopenia, Obesity, and Risk of All-Cause Mortality: A Pooled Analysis of 4,612 Participants","abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Conflicting evidence exists concerning whether having sarcopenic obesity has additive mortality risk over having only sarcopenia or obesity. We examined the independent and combined associations of obesity and probable sarcopenia with all-cause mortality. METHODS: The pooled analysis included three large, harmonized datasets (Health 2000 Survey; Health, Aging and Body Composition Study; Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam) with mortality follow-up data on individuals aged 70 years and over at baseline (n = 4,612). Obesity indicators included body mass index and waist circumference, and probable sarcopenia was defined based on grip strength. The mixed effects Cox model was used for statistical analyses, adjusting for age, sex, marital status, education, race, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking, and baseline diseases. RESULTS: Risk of death increased for those having probable sarcopenia only (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39-1.85) or probable sarcopenia with obesity (HR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.13-1.64) but not for the obese-only group (HR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.85-1.01), when compared to non-obese non-sarcopenic individuals. The results were similar regardless of adjustments for covariates or different obesity criteria applied. CONCLUSION: Probable sarcopenia, whether combined with obesity or not, is associated with increased mortality. Obesity did not increase mortality among older adults. Maintaining muscle strength and identifying older adults at risk of sarcopenia is important for the prevention of premature mortality.","journal":"Gerontology","year":2023,"id":333057,"datarank":0.894002763119184,"base_score":3.1780538303479458,"endowment":3.1780538303479458,"self_citation_contribution":0.47670807455219194,"citation_network_contribution":0.41729468856699214,"self_endowment_contribution":0.47670807455219194,"citer_contribution":0.41729468856699214,"corpus_percentile":77.41935483870968,"corpus_rank":2920,"citation_count":23,"citer_count":21,"citers_with_citation_signal":17,"citers_with_endowment":17,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.5258,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":2.0833,"fair_percentile":1.4062977682665851,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":330873,"name":"Tommi Härkänen","orcid":"0000-0002-4577-1808","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":108683,"name":"Sari Stenholm","orcid":"0000-0001-7560-0930","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":109425,"name":"L. Schaap","orcid":"0000-0001-9703-4570","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":856181,"name":"Annamari Lundqvist","orcid":"0000-0002-0262-8585","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1076,"name":"Seppo Koskinen","orcid":"0000-0003-1572-1735","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":24233,"name":"Katja Borodulin","orcid":"0000-0001-9529-2592","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":19240,"name":"Marjolein Visser","orcid":"0000-0002-5136-298X","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1059804,"name":"Katri Sääksjärvi","orcid":"0000-0002-5061-4911","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":42,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:09:35.125543Z","pmid":"36716714","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":0.0,"fair_a":18.75,"fair_i":20.0,"fair_r":20.8333,"fair_zscore":-1.2811,"fair_rationale":{"fair_score":2.08,"has_llm":true,"taxonomy_version":"fair_taxonomy_v5","dimensions":{"F":{"name":"Findable","score":0.0,"criteria":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper does not provide a persistent identifier (DOI, Handle, ARK, or repository accession) for its own dataset.","anchors":["RDA-F1-01D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a persistent identifier' (priorit","RDA-F1-02D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a globally unique identifier'","FsF-F1-02D — F-UJI/FAIRsFAIR: 'Data is assigned a persistent identifier'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_repository_named","label":"Named repository","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"Research proposals should be submitted to the corresponding organizations/institutions responsible for the data through the instructions provided on study websites (i.e. The Health 2000 Survey, https://thl.fi/en/web/thlfi-en/research-and-development/research-and-projects/health-2000-2011 ; The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study, https://healthabc.nia.nih.gov/ ; The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, https://lasa-vu.nl/en/).","grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper does not name a data repository; it names the original study organizations and their websites as the holders, which are non-repository hosts. [downgraded to 'no' — no verifiable quote from the paper]","anchors":["RDA-F4-01M — FAIR Data Maturity Model: metadata is offered so it can be harvested and indexed (","NIH DMS Policy Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — name the repository where data will be archived","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Long-Term Sustainability', 'Reten"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_data_availability_statement","label":"Data-availability statement","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"The data used in this study are not publicly available due to containing information that could compromise the privacy of research participants. The data are available for use for specific research questions provided that an agreement is made up. Research proposals should be submitted to the corresponding organizations/institutions responsible for the data through the instructions provided on study websites (i.e. The Health 2000 Survey, https://thl.fi/en/web/thlfi-en/research-and-development/research-and-projects/health-2000-2011 ; The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study, https://healthabc.nia.nih.gov/ ; The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, https://lasa-vu.nl/en/). Further enquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.","grounded":false,"rationale":"The statement points to a process for obtaining data (proposal to organizations) rather than a repository record, fitting Colavizza category 1 (data available on request). [downgraded to 'no' — no verifiable quote from the paper]","anchors":["Colavizza, Hrynaszkiewicz, Staden, Whitaker & McGillivray (2020), 'The citation advantage of li","Springer Nature research data policy — Data Availability Statements: standard statement templat","RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"f_discovery_metadata","label":"Description of the dataset as an object","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"The analytical sample for the present study was restricted to subjects aged 70 and older because of the age‐related nature of sarcopenia (n=5,595 for the pooled data). In addition, persons with BMI <22 kg/m2 at baseline were excluded (n=594) from the analyses to reduce the effects of frailty and undernutrition on mortality risk as suggested based on earlier studies [23,24]. Furthermore, the analytical sample of this study included only individuals with no missing values on any of the following variables: age, sex, grip strength, BMI and WC. Thus, the final sample size for the study was 1,085 for H2000, 2,593 for HABC, and 934 for LASA, resulting in a total of 4,612 individuals for the pooled data analyses (2,130 men and 2,482 women).","grounded":false,"rationale":"The dataset content is described in running prose (sample sizes, variables) without an itemized section or table dedicated to the pooled dataset's files or variables. [downgraded to 'no' — no verifiable quote from the paper]","anchors":["RDA-F2-01M — 'Rich metadata is provided to allow discovery' (priority Essential)","FsF-F2-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes descriptive core elements to support data findability'","FsF-R1-01MD — F-UJI: 'Metadata specifies the content of the data'"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"f_dataset_cited","label":"Dataset formally cited","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No identifier for the pooled dataset appears anywhere in the paper, either in the reference list or body text.","anchors":["FORCE11 Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles (2014) — data should be cited as a first-","RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes","FsF-F3-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes the identifier of the data it describes'"],"scored":true,"signal":null}]},"A":{"name":"Accessible","score":18.75,"criteria":[{"key":"a_data_openly_accessible","label":"Access route free of preconditions","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"The data are available for use for specific research questions provided that an agreement is made up. Research proposals should be submitted to the corresponding organizations/institutions responsible for the data through the instructions provided on study websites.","grounded":false,"rationale":"The access route carries a precondition (proposal and agreement), making it not unconditional, but the process is specified and followable. [downgraded to 'no' — no verifiable quote from the paper]","anchors":["RDA-A1.1-01D — 'Data is accessible through a free access protocol'","FsF-A1-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata contains access level and access conditions of the data'","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Free and Easy Access'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"a_access_conditions_stated","label":"Access level labelled","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"The data used in this study are not publicly available due to containing information that could compromise the privacy of research participants.","grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper explicitly labels the access level as 'not publicly available', which is a direct access-level label. [downgraded to 'partial' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["FsF-A1-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata contains access level and access conditions of the data'","RDA-A1-01M — metadata contains information to enable the user to get access to the data","COAR Controlled Vocabularies — Access Rights v1.0 (open / embargoed / restricted / metadata-onl"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"a_controlled_access_for_sensitive","label":"Gatekeeper for sensitive data","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"Research proposals should be submitted to the corresponding organizations/institutions responsible for the data through the instructions provided on study websites (i.e. The Health 2000 Survey, https://thl.fi/en/web/thlfi-en/research-and-development/research-and-projects/health-2000-2011 ; The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study, https://healthabc.nia.nih.gov/ ; The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, https://lasa-vu.nl/en/).","grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper names the original study organizations and institutions as the gatekeepers through a defined proposal process, which is an institutional route. [downgraded to 'partial' — no verifiable quote from the paper]","anchors":["NIH Genomic Data Sharing Policy (NOT-OD-14-124) — controlled-access via a Data Access Committee","RDA-A1.2-01D — 'Data is accessible through an access protocol that supports authentication and ","NIH DMS Policy Element 5 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Access, Distribution, or Reuse Considerations (conse"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"a_timeline_retention","label":"Availability timing & retention","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No statement about retention period or persistence of the data is made in the text.","anchors":["NIH DMS Plan Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Data Preservation, Access, and Associated Timelines","NSTC Desirable Characteristics (2022), Organizational Infrastructure: 'Retention Policy'","RDA-A2-01M — 'Metadata is guaranteed to remain available after data is no longer available'"],"scored":false,"signal":null}]},"I":{"name":"Interoperable","score":20.0,"criteria":[{"key":"i_open_nonproprietary_format","label":"Open file format","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No file format is named for the released data; the data are not publicly available.","anchors":["FsF-R1.3-02D — F-UJI: 'Data is available in a file format recommended by the target research co","RDA-R1.3-02D — data is expressed in a machine-understandable community standard","RDA-I1-01D — data uses a knowledge representation expressed in a standardised format"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"i_community_standard_vocabulary","label":"Community standard / vocabulary","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"In this study, we use the term probable sarcopenia to refer to our indicator on grip strength below the cut-off points of <27 kg in men and <16 kg in women. These cut-off points were obtained from the revised European consensus definition on sarcopenia (EWGSOP2 working group) indicating probable sarcopenia.","grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper applies the EWGSOP2 definition, a community standard for sarcopenia diagnosis, and also uses WHO criteria for obesity. [downgraded to 'partial' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-R1.3-01M — 'Metadata complies with a community standard' (priority Essential)","RDA-R1.3-01D — 'Data complies with a community standard'","RDA-I2-01M — '(Meta)data use vocabularies that follow FAIR principles'"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"i_qualified_references","label":"Identifiers for the resources the data depend on","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper provides URLs for study websites but no persistent identifiers (DOI, accession, RRID) for any external resource used.","anchors":["RDA-I3-01M — '(meta)data include references to other (meta)data'","RDA-I3-03M — 'metadata includes qualified references to other metadata'","FsF-I3-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes links between the data and its related entities'"],"scored":false,"signal":null}]},"R":{"name":"Reusable","score":20.83,"criteria":[{"key":"r_reuse_license","label":"Reuse licence","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No licence or terms of use are named for the data.","anchors":["RDA-R1.1-01M — 'Metadata includes information about the licence under which the data can be reu","RDA-R1.1-02M — 'Metadata refers to a standard reuse licence'","RDA-R1.1-03M — 'Metadata refers to a machine-understandable reuse licence'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"r_provenance_methods","label":"Provenance of the data","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"In each study, grip strength was measured with a hand-held dynamometer, adjusted for hand size for each participant (H2000, dominant hand: Good Strength, IGS01, Metitur Oy, Jyväskylä, Finland; HABC, each hand: Jamar, TEC, Clifton, NJ, USA; LASA, each hand: Takei TKK 5001, Takei Scientific Instruments Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan).","grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper names specific instruments (dynamometer models) used to produce the data. [downgraded to 'partial' — no verifiable quote from the paper]","anchors":["RDA-R1.2-01M — 'Metadata includes provenance information according to community- specific standa","FsF-R1.2-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes provenance information about data creation or generati","W3C PROV-O (W3C Recommendation, 2013) — the entity/activity/agent model of provenance"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"r_documentation_codebook","label":"Documentation / codebook","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"Table 2. Baseline characteristics of the study populations.","grounded":true,"rationale":"Variable definitions exist inside the article's tables and methods, but no separate codebook is said to accompany the data. [majority verdict 'partial' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-R1-01M — '(Meta)data are richly described with a plurality of accurate and relevant attribu","FsF-R1-01MD — F-UJI: 'Metadata specifies the content of the data'","NIH DMS Policy Element 3 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Standards (documentation and metadata to accompany t"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"r_versioning","label":"Snapshot identified","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"Mortality among the participants of the three studies was followed until the date of death or end of follow-up, i.e. 31th December in 2015 for H2000, 1st June in 2015 for HABC, and 1st August in 2018 for LASA.","grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper identifies the data snapshot by the end-of-follow-up dates, but no version token is given. [downgraded to 'no' — no verifiable quote from the paper]","anchors":["DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6 — the 'Version' property","RDA-R1.2-01M — provenance information (which version was used is provenance)","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Provenance', 'Retention Policy'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"x_code_availability","label":"Analysis code available","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No code availability statement is provided; only software names are mentioned, but no locator for the code.","anchors":["NIH DMS Policy Element 2 (NOT-OD-21-014) — 'Related Tools, Software and/or Code'","FAIR4RS Principles v1.0 (Chue Hong et al., 2022; RDA/FORCE11/ReSA) — FAIR Principles for Resear","FORCE11 Software Citation Principles (Smith, Katz & Niemeyer, 2016, PeerJ CS 2:e86)"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"x_funding_attribution","label":"Funder and award number","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"Specific grant numbers are provided, e.g., 'Academy of Finland grant number 321625'. [downgraded to 'partial' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6 — 'FundingReference' property (funderName, funderIdentifier, award","Crossref Funder Registry — canonical funder identifiers for funding metadata","RDA-F2-01M — rich metadata provided to allow discovery (funding is part of the descriptive reco"],"scored":true,"signal":null}]}},"actions":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","dimension":"F","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","action":"Mint or cite a persistent identifier for the dataset — a repository DOI or an accession from a registered repository — and print it in the paper. A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The paper does not provide a persistent identifier (DOI, Handle, ARK, or repository accession) for its own dataset.","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"f_repository_named","dimension":"F","label":"Named repository","action":"Deposit the data in a repository registered in re3data/FAIRsharing (a domain repository such as GEO, SRA, dbGaP, PRIDE, or a generalist such as Zenodo, Dryad, Dataverse) and name it explicitly in the paper. A lab website is not an archive: it has no retention commitment and no accession. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"Research proposals should be submitted to the corresponding organizations/institutions responsible for the data through the instructions provided on study websites (i.e. The Health 2000 Survey, https://thl.fi/en/web/thlfi-en/research-and-development/research-and-projects/health-2000-2011 ; The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study, https://healthabc.nia.nih.gov/ ; The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, https://lasa-vu.nl/en/).","why":"The paper does not name a data repository; it names the original study organizations and their websites as the holders, which are non-repository hosts. [downgraded to 'no' — no verifiable quote from the paper]","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"a_data_openly_accessible","dimension":"A","label":"Access route free of preconditions","action":"Remove the precondition or justify it. Release the data at publication with no embargo, no registration wall, and no approval step — NIH's zero-embargo public- access rule (NOT-OD-25-101) has already made 'available at publication' the federal baseline for the article; the data should not lag behind it. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"The data are available for use for specific research questions provided that an agreement is made up. Research proposals should be submitted to the corresponding organizations/institutions responsible for the data through the instructions provided on study websites.","why":"The access route carries a precondition (proposal and agreement), making it not unconditional, but the process is specified and followable. [downgraded to 'no' — no verifiable quote from the paper]","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"r_reuse_license","dimension":"R","label":"Reuse licence","action":"Attach a standard, machine-readable open licence to the deposit — CC0 or CC BY, which is what Horizon Europe and most funders expect — and print the licence identifier in the paper. 'Free to use' is not a licence: it grants nothing a reuser's institution can rely on.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No licence or terms of use are named for the data.","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"f_dataset_cited","dimension":"F","label":"Dataset formally cited","action":"Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit. Cite the clinical / human-subjects repository accession (e.g. from dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA)) in the reference list.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No identifier for the pooled dataset appears anywhere in the paper, either in the reference list or body text.","gain":8.33,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"i_open_nonproprietary_format","dimension":"I","label":"Open file format","action":"Release the data in an open, community-standard format (CSV/TSV, JSON, HDF5, NetCDF, FASTQ, VCF, NIfTI…) instead of — or alongside — any proprietary or instrument-native format, and name the format in the paper. A dataset that needs a €2,000 licence to open is not reusable.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No file format is named for the released data; the data are not publicly available.","gain":8.33,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"x_code_availability","dimension":"R","label":"Analysis code available","action":"Publish the analysis code in a public forge, archive a tagged release with a DOI (Zenodo/Software Heritage), and cite that DOI in the paper. NIH DMS Element 2 asks for the tools and code, not only the data — and 'available on request' is not a locator. Archive the analysis code in a versioned repository (GitHub + a Zenodo release DOI).","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No code availability statement is provided; only software names are mentioned, but no locator for the code.","gain":8.33,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"r_versioning","dimension":"R","label":"Snapshot identified","action":"Version the deposit and cite the exact version analysed (a version-specific DOI, or an accession with its version suffix). A reader reproducing your work against 'the current release' is reproducing it against a different dataset.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"Mortality among the participants of the three studies was followed until the date of death or end of follow-up, i.e. 31th December in 2015 for H2000, 1st June in 2015 for HABC, and 1st August in 2018 for LASA.","why":"The paper identifies the data snapshot by the end-of-follow-up dates, but no version token is given. [downgraded to 'no' — no verifiable quote from the paper]","gain":4.17,"priority":"useful","scored":true},{"key":"x_funding_attribution","dimension":"R","label":"Funder and award number","action":"State the funder AND the award number in the paper, and put them in the dataset's FundingReference metadata. A funder name alone cannot be linked back to the award, so the funding provenance of the data is lost the moment the paper is indexed.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":null,"why":"Specific grant numbers are provided, e.g., 'Academy of Finland grant number 321625'. [downgraded to 'partial' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":2.08,"priority":"useful","scored":true},{"key":"f_data_availability_statement","dimension":"F","label":"Data-availability statement","action":"Replace the statement with the repository template: name the repository and give the accession or DOI (Colavizza category 3). This is the only DAS class associated with a measured citation advantage; 'available on reasonable request' and 'within the article' are not.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"The data used in this study are not publicly available due to containing information that could compromise the privacy of research participants. The data are available for use for specific research questions provided that an agreement is made up. Research proposals should be submitted to the corresponding organizations/institutions responsible for the data through the instructions provided on study websites (i.e. The Health 2000 Survey, https://thl.fi/en/web/thlfi-en/research-and-development/research-and-projects/health-2000-2011 ; The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study, https://healthabc.nia.nih.gov/ ; The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, https://lasa-vu.nl/en/). Further enquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.","why":"The statement points to a process for obtaining data (proposal to organizations) rather than a repository record, fitting Colavizza category 1 (data available on request). [downgraded to 'no' — no verifiable quote from the paper]","gain":0.0,"priority":"essential","scored":false},{"key":"f_discovery_metadata","dimension":"F","label":"Description of the dataset as an object","action":"Add a 'Data Records' section: itemise every file in the deposit and every variable or sample it holds, with counts and units. Describe the dataset as an object in its own right, not as a by-product of the findings — this is what makes it discoverable to someone who is not looking for your paper.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"The analytical sample for the present study was restricted to subjects aged 70 and older because of the age‐related nature of sarcopenia (n=5,595 for the pooled data). In addition, persons with BMI <22 kg/m2 at baseline were excluded (n=594) from the analyses to reduce the effects of frailty and undernutrition on mortality risk as suggested based on earlier studies [23,24]. Furthermore, the analytical sample of this study included only individuals with no missing values on any of the following variables: age, sex, grip strength, BMI and WC. Thus, the final sample size for the study was 1,085 for H2000, 2,593 for HABC, and 934 for LASA, resulting in a total of 4,612 individuals for the pooled data analyses (2,130 men and 2,482 women).","why":"The dataset content is described in running prose (sample sizes, variables) without an itemized section or table dedicated to the pooled dataset's files or variables. [downgraded to 'no' — no verifiable quote from the paper]","gain":0.0,"priority":"essential","scored":false},{"key":"a_access_conditions_stated","dimension":"A","label":"Access level labelled","action":"State the access level in words, using the standard vocabulary: 'These data are open access' / 'These data are controlled access'. A reader — and a harvester — should not have to infer the access level from the presence of a download link.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"The data used in this study are not publicly available due to containing information that could compromise the privacy of research participants.","why":"The paper explicitly labels the access level as 'not publicly available', which is a direct access-level label. [downgraded to 'partial' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"i_community_standard_vocabulary","dimension":"I","label":"Community standard / vocabulary","action":"Adopt and NAME your domain's data standard — the minimum-information checklist, metadata schema, or ontology your community uses (MIAME/MINSEQE, ISA-Tab, BIDS, an OBO ontology, HL7 FHIR/OMOP) — and say which one you followed. A reporting checklist standardises your paper; it does nothing for your data. In clinical / human-subjects, describe the data with OMOP CDM, CDISC SDTM or HL7 FHIR.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"In this study, we use the term probable sarcopenia to refer to our indicator on grip strength below the cut-off points of <27 kg in men and <16 kg in women. These cut-off points were obtained from the revised European consensus definition on sarcopenia (EWGSOP2 working group) indicating probable sarcopenia.","why":"The paper applies the EWGSOP2 definition, a community standard for sarcopenia diagnosis, and also uses WHO criteria for obesity. [downgraded to 'partial' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"r_provenance_methods","dimension":"R","label":"Provenance of the data","action":"Name the instruments, kits, and software — with versions — that produced the data, not just the verbs. 'Reads were aligned' is not provenance; 'aligned with STAR v2.7.9a to GRCh38' is, because someone else can rerun it.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"In each study, grip strength was measured with a hand-held dynamometer, adjusted for hand size for each participant (H2000, dominant hand: Good Strength, IGS01, Metitur Oy, Jyväskylä, Finland; HABC, each hand: Jamar, TEC, Clifton, NJ, USA; LASA, each hand: Takei TKK 5001, Takei Scientific Instruments Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan).","why":"The paper names specific instruments (dynamometer models) used to produce the data. [downgraded to 'partial' — no verifiable quote from the paper]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"r_documentation_codebook","dimension":"R","label":"Documentation / codebook","action":"Ship a README and a data dictionary IN the deposit — every file, every variable, its units, its allowed values, its missing-value codes. It is the cheapest single thing that makes a dataset usable by someone who was not in the lab, and a table buried in the article does not travel with the data.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"Table 2. Baseline characteristics of the study populations.","why":"Variable definitions exist inside the article's tables and methods, but no separate codebook is said to accompany the data. [majority verdict 'partial' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"a_controlled_access_for_sensitive","dimension":"A","label":"Gatekeeper for sensitive data","action":"Route sensitive data through an institutional gatekeeper — deposit in a controlled- access repository (dbGaP, EGA) with a Data Access Committee and a published DUA — rather than through the corresponding author's inbox. An author-gated dataset dies with the author's email address, and 'on reasonable request' has been shown repeatedly not to yield data. For sensitive/human clinical / human-subjects data, use a controlled-access repository such as dbGaP or EGA.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"Research proposals should be submitted to the corresponding organizations/institutions responsible for the data through the instructions provided on study websites (i.e. The Health 2000 Survey, https://thl.fi/en/web/thlfi-en/research-and-development/research-and-projects/health-2000-2011 ; The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study, https://healthabc.nia.nih.gov/ ; The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, https://lasa-vu.nl/en/).","why":"The paper names the original study organizations and institutions as the gatekeepers through a defined proposal process, which is an institutional route. [downgraded to 'partial' — no verifiable quote from the paper]","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false},{"key":"i_qualified_references","dimension":"I","label":"Identifiers for the resources the data depend on","action":"Cite by identifier every resource the data depend on — the source datasets' accessions, the reference build (GRCh38 / GCA_000001405.28), the cohort application number, the code DOI — and register those relations on the dataset record (IsDerivedFrom, IsSupplementTo). A name is not a link: it cannot be resolved, versioned, or followed by a machine.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The paper provides URLs for study websites but no persistent identifiers (DOI, accession, RRID) for any external resource used.","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false},{"key":"a_timeline_retention","dimension":"A","label":"Availability timing & retention","action":"State when the data become available AND how long they will be retained — cite the repository's preservation policy. NIH DMS Element 4 asks for both; most papers give neither.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No statement about retention period or persistence of the data is made in the text.","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false}],"suggestions":["Mint or cite a persistent identifier for the dataset — a repository DOI or an accession from a registered repository — and print it in the paper. A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","Deposit the data in a repository registered in re3data/FAIRsharing (a domain repository such as GEO, SRA, dbGaP, PRIDE, or a generalist such as Zenodo, Dryad, Dataverse) and name it explicitly in the paper. A lab website is not an archive: it has no retention commitment and no accession. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","Remove the precondition or justify it. Release the data at publication with no embargo, no registration wall, and no approval step — NIH's zero-embargo public- access rule (NOT-OD-25-101) has already made 'available at publication' the federal baseline for the article; the data should not lag behind it. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","Attach a standard, machine-readable open licence to the deposit — CC0 or CC BY, which is what Horizon Europe and most funders expect — and print the licence identifier in the paper. 'Free to use' is not a licence: it grants nothing a reuser's institution can rely on.","Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit. Cite the clinical / human-subjects repository accession (e.g. from dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA)) in the reference list."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fulltext_source":"unpaywall_pdf"},"fair_model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","fair_agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fair_fulltext_source":"unpaywall_pdf","fair_has_llm":true,"fair_computed_at":"2026-07-20T11:48:02.748868Z","clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}