{"doi":"10.1159/000442067","title":"Sodium Fluoride Affects DNA Methylation of Imprinted Genes in Mouse Early Embryos","abstract":"Fluorine is reported to affect embryonic development, but the underlining mechanism is unclear. The modification of DNA methylation of the <i>H19</i> and <i>Peg3</i> genes is important in embryonic development. Therefore, the effect of fluorine on methylation of <i>H19</i> and <i>Peg3</i> during early mouse embryos was studied. It was shown that the <i>H19</i> gene was significantly downmethylated in E2.5, E3.5, and E4.5 embryos from pregnant mice treated with 120 mg/l NaF in drinking water for 48 h. But methylation of both <i>H19</i> and <i>Peg3</i> genes was disrupted when the parent male mice were treated with NaF for 35 days. <i>H19</i> DNA methylation decreased significantly, while <i>Peg3</i> was almost completely methylated. However, when pregnant mice, mated with NaF-treated male mice, were again treated with NaF for 48 h, either <i>H19</i> or <i>Peg3</i> methylation in the embryos decreased significantly. In addition, the mRNA level of <i>H19</i> considerably increased in E3.5 and E4.5 embryos from NaF-treated pregnant mice. Further, the expression of DNMT1 decreased significantly after NaF treatment. Conclusively, we demonstrated that fluorine may adversely affect early embryonic development by disrupting the methylation of <i>H19</i> and <i>Peg3</i> through downregulation of DNMT1.","journal":"Cytogenetic and Genome Research","year":2015,"id":593846,"datarank":0.4335557636844247,"base_score":2.8903717578961645,"endowment":2.8903717578961645,"self_citation_contribution":0.4335557636844247,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.4335557636844247,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":17,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":350394,"name":"Sheng Zhang","orcid":"0000-0001-5786-6516","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1519965,"name":"Xinglan An","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":196372,"name":"Wentao Tan","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":271069,"name":"Bo Tang","orcid":"0000-0002-1332-0164","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":196379,"name":"Xueming Zhang","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":44982,"name":"Ziyi Li","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":520773,"name":"Lei Zhao","orcid":"0000-0002-2367-1355","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Sodium Fluoride Affects DNA Methylation of Imprinted Genes in Mouse Early Embryos","abstract":"Fluorine is reported to affect embryonic development, but the underlining mechanism is unclear. The modification of DNA methylation of the <i>H19</i> and <i>Peg3</i> genes is important in embryonic development. Therefore, the effect of fluorine on methylation of <i>H19</i> and <i>Peg3</i> during early mouse embryos was studied. It was shown that the <i>H19</i> gene was significantly downmethylated in E2.5, E3.5, and E4.5 embryos from pregnant mice treated with 120 mg/l NaF in drinking water for 48 h. But methylation of both <i>H19</i> and <i>Peg3</i> genes was disrupted when the parent male mice were treated with NaF for 35 days. <i>H19</i> DNA methylation decreased significantly, while <i>Peg3</i> was almost completely methylated. However, when pregnant mice, mated with NaF-treated male mice, were again treated with NaF for 48 h, either <i>H19</i> or <i>Peg3</i> methylation in the embryos decreased significantly. In addition, the mRNA level of <i>H19</i> considerably increased in E3.5 and E4.5 embryos from NaF-treated pregnant mice. Further, the expression of DNMT1 decreased significantly after NaF treatment. Conclusively, we demonstrated that fluorine may adversely affect early embryonic development by disrupting the methylation of <i>H19</i> and <i>Peg3</i> through downregulation of DNMT1.","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":2.8903717578961645,"endowment":2.8903717578961645,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"26633825","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2237730446","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":1.3254,"citation_percentile":0.83327256,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2017,"count":2},{"year":2018,"count":3},{"year":2019,"count":1},{"year":2020,"count":1},{"year":2021,"count":4},{"year":2022,"count":1},{"year":2024,"count":3},{"year":2025,"count":2}],"oa_status":"closed","license":"https://www.karger.com/Services/SiteLicenses","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.karger.com/Article/Pdf/442067","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000442067","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26633825","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Fluoride Effects and Removal","Epigenetics and DNA Methylation"],"mesh_terms":["DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1","Animals","DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases","Embryo, Mammalian","Female","Male","Pregnancy","RNA, Messenger","Sodium Fluoride","Genomic Imprinting","Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental","DNA Methylation","Embryonic Development","Mice","Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors","RNA, Long Noncoding"],"keywords":["Biology","Genomic imprinting","DNA methylation","Gene","Imprinting (psychology)","Embryo","Genetics","DNA","Methylation","Illumina Methylation Assay","Sodium fluoride","RNA-Directed DNA Methylation","Fluoride","Molecular biology","Gene expression"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-27T12:29:41.265878Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}