{"doi":"10.1155/2023/9038795","title":"The Frequency of Undiagnosed Celiac Disease in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes and Its Association with Diabetic Retinopathy: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study","abstract":"Aims: Celiac disease (CD) in adults with type 1 diabetes has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk and the earlier occurrence of diabetes-associated complications. In the Search for Diabetes in Youth study, we aimed to assess the frequency of CD and the potential for undiagnosed CD among youth with childhood onset type 1 diabetes. In addition, we assessed the burden of cardiovascular risk factors and diabetes-associated complications in youth with type 1 diabetes by CD status and IgA tissue transglutaminase autoantibody (tTGA) levels. Methods: 2,444 youths with type 1 diabetes completed a CD questionnaire and underwent tTGA testing. Integrating the celiac disease questionnaire and tTGA results for this cross-sectional analysis, participants were categorized as follows: (1) reported CD; (2) seropositive for CD (no reported CD and seropositive tTGA); and (3) type 1 diabetes only (comparison group: no reported CD and seronegative tTGA). Subanalyses were performed on those with no reported CD and tTGA ≥10x ULN, designated potentially undiagnosed CD. Cardiovascular risk factors and diabetes-associated complications were evaluated by CD status and tTGA levels utilizing a Poisson model to estimate relative risk. Results: Reported CD in youths with type 1 diabetes was 7%. Seropositivity for tTGA with no reported CD was present in 4%, and 1.2% had potentially undiagnosed CD. Youths with potentially undiagnosed CD had a 2.69x higher risk of diabetic retinopathy than comparison group. In addition, CD with tTGA <0.05 (controlled CD) was associated with lower HbA1c. Conclusions: Undiagnosed CD is likely present in youths with type 1 diabetes and potentially undiagnosed CD is associated with a higher risk of diabetic retinopathy. These findings indicate the importance of routine screening for CD in type 1 diabetes in youths.","journal":"Pediatric Diabetes","year":2023,"id":378716,"datarank":0.16479184330021646,"base_score":1.0986122886681096,"endowment":1.0986122886681096,"self_citation_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9163,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":325080,"name":"Elizabeth T. Jensen","orcid":"0000-0003-2704-6634","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":811,"name":"Joseph Rigdon","orcid":"0000-0001-6265-0752","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":872237,"name":"Nancy A. Crimmins","orcid":"0000-0002-1338-9540","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":334489,"name":"Daniel Mallon","orcid":"0000-0002-4126-9191","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":420327,"name":"Lawrence M. Dolan","orcid":"0000-0002-5359-0636","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":305598,"name":"Giuseppina Imperatore","orcid":"0000-0001-7074-8178","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":273575,"name":"Anna R. Kahkoska","orcid":"0000-0003-2701-101X","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":269855,"name":"Amy K. Mottl","orcid":"0000-0002-4258-1726","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1142927,"name":"Ann Honor","orcid":"0009-0003-6151-3838","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":612931,"name":"David J. Pettitt","orcid":"0000-0002-0398-7088","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":608013,"name":"Lina Merjaneh","orcid":"0000-0002-4769-5626","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":249641,"name":"Dana Dabelea","orcid":"0000-0001-9514-8929","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":406587,"name":"Amy S. Shah","orcid":"0000-0001-7297-139X","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1142926,"name":"Ryan P. Brady","orcid":"0000-0002-3087-4919","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":46,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:16:48.594070Z","pmid":"39845332","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}