{"doi":"10.1155/2023/4618215","title":"β-Aminoisobutyric Acid Relates to Favorable Glucose Metabolism through Adiponectin in Adults with Obesity Independent of Prediabetes","abstract":"β-Aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) is secreted by skeletal muscle and promotes insulin sensitivity, fat oxidation, and anti-inflammation. While BAIBA is purportedly lower in individuals with obesity, no work has examined if prediabetes (PD) differentially impacts BAIBA concentrations in people with obesity. Methods. Adults were classified as normal glucose tolerant (NGT; <a:math xmlns:a=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M1\"> <a:mi>n</a:mi> <a:mo>=</a:mo> <a:mn>22</a:mn> </a:math> (20F); <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M2\"> <c:mn>48.0</c:mn> <c:mo>±</c:mo> <c:mn>2.4</c:mn> </c:math> yrs; <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M3\"> <e:mn>36.9</e:mn> <e:mo>±</e:mo> <e:mn>1.2</e:mn> </e:math> kg/m2) or PD ( <g:math xmlns:g=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M4\"> <g:mi>n</g:mi> <g:mo>=</g:mo> <g:mn>23</g:mn> </g:math> (18F); <i:math xmlns:i=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M5\"> <i:mn>54.2</i:mn> <i:mo>±</i:mo> <i:mn>1.6</i:mn> </i:math> yrs; <k:math xmlns:k=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M6\"> <k:mn>38.4</k:mn> <k:mo>±</k:mo> <k:mn>1.2</k:mn> </k:math> kg/m2) based on ADA criteria. A 180-minute 75 g OGTT was used to estimate fasting (HOMA-IR (liver)) and postprandial (Matsuda index (muscle)) insulin sensitivity as well as β-cell function (disposition index (DI), glucose-stimulated insulin secretion adjusted for insulin sensitivity). Body composition and fasting measures of BAIBA, fat oxidation (indirect calorimetry), and adipokines were determined. Results. NGT and PD had similar BAIBA concentrations ( <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M7\"> <m:mn>1.4</m:mn> <m:mo>±</m:mo> <m:mn>0.1</m:mn> </m:math> vs. <o:math xmlns:o=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M8\"> <o:mn>1.2</o:mn> <o:mo>±</o:mo> <o:mn>0.1</o:mn> </o:math> μM, <q:math xmlns:q=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M9\"> <q:mi>P</q:mi> <q:mo>=</q:mo> <q:mn>0.23</q:mn> </q:math> ) and fat oxidation ( <s:math xmlns:s=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M10\"> <s:mi>P</s:mi> <s:mo>=</s:mo> <s:mn>0.31</s:mn> </s:math> ), despite NGT having lower fasting ( <u:math xmlns:u=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M11\"> <u:mn>92.2</u:mn> <u:mo>±</u:mo> <u:mn>1.2</u:mn> </u:math> vs. <w:math xmlns:w=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M12\"> <w:mn>104.1</w:mn> <w:mo>±</w:mo> <w:mn>3.2</w:mn> </w:math> mg/dL, <y:math xmlns:y=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M13\"> <y:mi>P</y:mi> <y:mo>=</y:mo> <y:mn>0.002</y:mn> </y:math> ) and <ab:math xmlns:ab=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M14\"> <ab:mtext>tAU</ab:mtext> <ab:msub> <ab:mrow> <ab:mtext>C</ab:mtext> </ab:mrow> <ab:mrow> <ab:mn>180</ab:mn> <ab:mtext>min</ab:mtext> </ab:mrow> </ab:msub> </ab:math> glucose ( <cb:math xmlns:cb=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M15\"> <cb:mi>P</cb:mi> <cb:mo>&lt;</cb:mo> <cb:mn>0.001</cb:mn> </cb:math> ) compared to PD. Moreover, NGT had higher postprandial insulin sensitivity ( <eb:math xmlns:eb=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M16\"> <eb:mi>P</eb:mi> <eb:mo>=</eb:mo> <eb:mn>0.01</eb:mn> </eb:math> ) and higher total phase <gb:math xmlns:gb=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M17\"> <gb:mtext>D</gb:mtext> <gb:msub> <gb:mrow> <gb:mtext>I</gb:mtext> </gb:mrow> <gb:mrow> <gb:mtext>liver</gb:mtext> </gb:mrow> </gb:msub> </gb:math> ( <ib:math xmlns:ib=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M18\"> <ib:mi>P</ib:mi> <ib:mo>=</ib:mo> <ib:mn>0.003</ib:mn> </ib:math> ) and <kb:math xmlns:kb=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M19\"> <kb:mtext>D</kb:mtext> <kb:msub> <kb:mrow> <kb:mtext>I</kb:mtext> </kb:mrow> <kb:mrow> <kb:mtext>muscle</kb:mtext> </kb:mrow> </kb:msub> </kb:math> ( <mb:math xmlns:mb=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M20\"> <mb:mi>P</mb:mi> <mb:mo>=</mb:mo> <mb:mn>0.001</mb:mn> </mb:math> ). Increased BAIBA was associated with adiponectin ( <ob:math xmlns:ob=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M21\"> <ob:mi>r</ob:mi> <ob:mo>=</ob:mo> <ob:mn>0.37</o","journal":"Journal of Diabetes Research","year":2023,"id":355855,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":5,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9567,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":325151,"name":"Emily M. 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