{"doi":"10.1155/2022/9147379","title":"Positron Emission Tomography (PET) with <sup>18</sup> F-FGA for Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction in a Coronary Artery Ligation Model","abstract":"Location and extent of necrosis are valuable information in the management of myocardial infarction (MI). Methods . We investigated 2-deoxy-2- 18 F-fluoro glucaric acid (FGA), a novel infarct-avid agent, for positron emission tomography (PET) of MI. We synthesized FGA from commercially available 18 F-fluoro-2-deoxy-2-D-glucose (FDG). MI was induced in mice by permanently occluding the left anterior descending coronary artery. Biodistribution of FGA was assessed 1 h after FGA injection (11 MBq). PET/CT was conducted 1 h, 6 h, 1 d, 3 d, and 4 d after MI. Subcellular compartment of FGA accumulation in necrosis was studied by tracing the uptake of biotin-labeled glucaric acid with streptavidin-HRP in H 2 O 2 -treated H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Streptavidin-reactive protein bands were identified by LC-MS/MS. Results . We obtained a quantitative yield of FGA from FDG within 7 min ( <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\"> <mml:mtext>radiochemical</mml:mtext> <mml:mtext> </mml:mtext> <mml:mtext>purity</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>99</mml:mn> <mml:mi>%</mml:mi> </mml:math> ). Cardiac uptake of FGA was significantly higher in MI mice than that in control mice. Imaging after 1 h of FGA injection delineated MI for 3 days after MI induction, with negligible background signal from surrounding tissues. Myocardial injury was verified by tetrazolium staining and plasma troponin (47.63 pg/mL control versus 311.77 pg/mL MI). In necrotic H9c2 myoblasts, biotinylated glucaric acid accumulated in nuclear fraction. LC-MS/MS primarily identified fibronectin in necrotic cells as a putative high fidelity target of glucaric acid. Conclusion . FGA/PET detects infarct early after onset of MI and FGA accumulation in infarct persists for 3 days. Its retention in necrotic cells appears to be a result of interaction with fibronectin that is known to accumulate in injured cardiac tissue.","journal":"Molecular Imaging","year":2022,"id":287220,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":3,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9677,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":385120,"name":"Hariprasad Gali","orcid":"0000-0003-0846-6334","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":966887,"name":"Andria Hedrick","orcid":"0000-0002-4443-7509","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":967284,"name":"Huining Da","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":675474,"name":"Venkateswararao Eeda","orcid":"0000-0003-2740-047X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":966888,"name":"Diwakar Jain","orcid":"0000-0001-6180-8546","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":808096,"name":"Vibhudutta Awasthi","orcid":"0000-0002-3611-9009","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":48,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:29:56.781756Z","pmid":"35250392","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}