{"doi":"10.1155/2022/5275309","title":"Retinal Surface Macrophage Changes in Thyroid Eye Disease before and after Treatment with Teprotumumab","abstract":"Retinal surface macrophages play key roles in the regulation of immune response, maintenance of vitreous clarity, and tissue repair. We examined the variation of parafoveal surface macrophages in a thyroid eye disease (TED) patient before and after treatment with teprotumumab (Tepezza, Horizon therapeutics). Pre- and posttreatment parafoveal surface macrophages were imaged using clinical en face OCT, and their density was assessed using a novel cell density mapping technique. Pretreatment, surface macrophage cell density was high. Macrophages had a nonuniform spatial distribution, and their appearance was round with few protrusions, consistent with an “activated” state. Posttreatment, cell density decreased. The macrophages were regularly spaced and had a ramified appearance and filopodia-like processes, consistent with a “quiescent” state. Surface macrophage density decreased as the Clinical Activity Score (CAS) decreased with teprotumumab treatment, suggesting a potential association of these cells with an underlying intraocular and retinal inflammatory process previously not described in TED.","journal":"Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine","year":2022,"id":287237,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":3,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9589,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":966897,"name":"Mona Fayad","orcid":"0000-0002-0238-3207","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":746396,"name":"Alexander Pinhas","orcid":"0000-0003-1708-5840","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":388559,"name":"Toco Yuen Ping Chui","orcid":"0000-0003-2060-3848","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":388558,"name":"Richard B. Rosen","orcid":"0000-0001-9643-3510","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":488359,"name":"Harsha Reddy","orcid":"0000-0002-8574-5030","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":428067,"name":"Oscar Otero-Marquez","orcid":"0000-0003-1591-9952","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":13,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:29:56.781756Z","pmid":"35178261","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}