{"doi":"10.1146/annurev.physiol.63.1.647","title":"Molecular Analysis of Mammalian Circadian Rhythms","abstract":"<jats:p>▪ Abstract  In mammals, a master circadian “clock” resides in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus. The SCN clock is composed of multiple, single-cell circadian oscillators, which, when synchronized, generate coordinated circadian outputs that regulate overt rhythms. Eight clock genes have been cloned that are involved in interacting transcriptional-/translational-feedback loops that compose the molecular clockwork. The daily light-dark cycle ultimately impinges on the control of two clock genes that reset the core clock mechanism in the SCN. Clock-controlled genes are also generated by the central clock mechanism, but their protein products transduce downstream effects. Peripheral oscillators are controlled by the SCN and provide local control of overt rhythm expression. Greater understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the SCN clockwork provides opportunities for pharmacological manipulation of circadian timing.</jats:p>","journal":"Annual Review of Physiology","year":2001,"id":652630,"datarank":1.0916907859418494,"base_score":7.277938572945661,"endowment":7.277938572945661,"self_citation_contribution":1.0916907859418494,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":1.0916907859418494,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1447,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1702518,"name":"David R Weaver","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1702517,"name":"Steven M Reppert","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Molecular Analysis of Mammalian Circadian Rhythms","abstract":"<jats:p>▪ Abstract  In mammals, a master circadian “clock” resides in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus. The SCN clock is composed of multiple, single-cell circadian oscillators, which, when synchronized, generate coordinated circadian outputs that regulate overt rhythms. Eight clock genes have been cloned that are involved in interacting transcriptional-/translational-feedback loops that compose the molecular clockwork. The daily light-dark cycle ultimately impinges on the control of two clock genes that reset the core clock mechanism in the SCN. Clock-controlled genes are also generated by the central clock mechanism, but their protein products transduce downstream effects. Peripheral oscillators are controlled by the SCN and provide local control of overt rhythm expression. Greater understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the SCN clockwork provides opportunities for pharmacological manipulation of circadian timing.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":7.277938572945661,"endowment":7.277938572945661,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"11181971","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2170078281","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":26.0414,"citation_percentile":0.99900966,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":72},{"year":2013,"count":54},{"year":2014,"count":70},{"year":2015,"count":52},{"year":2016,"count":53},{"year":2017,"count":63},{"year":2018,"count":38},{"year":2019,"count":32},{"year":2020,"count":41},{"year":2021,"count":42},{"year":2022,"count":39},{"year":2023,"count":39},{"year":2024,"count":32},{"year":2025,"count":29},{"year":2026,"count":5}],"oa_status":"closed","license":null,"oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.physiol.63.1.647","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physiol.63.1.647","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11181971","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Circadian rhythm and melatonin","Light effects on plants","Photoreceptor and optogenetics research","ARNTL Transcription Factors","Animals","Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins","Brain Chemistry","CLOCK Proteins","Circadian Rhythm","Drosophila Proteins","Insect Proteins","Nuclear Proteins","Period Circadian Proteins","Suprachiasmatic Nucleus","Trans-Activators","Transcription Factors"],"mesh_terms":["Animals","Brain Chemistry","Circadian Rhythm","Nuclear Proteins","Suprachiasmatic Nucleus","Transcription Factors","Trans-Activators","Insect Proteins","Drosophila Proteins","Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors","Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins","CLOCK Proteins","ARNTL Transcription Factors","Period Circadian Proteins"],"keywords":["Clockwork","Circadian rhythm","Oscillating gene","Suprachiasmatic nucleus","CLOCK","Circadian clock","Bacterial circadian rhythms","Light effects on circadian rhythm","Biology","Molecular clock","Neuroscience","Master clock","Cell biology","Gene","Genetics","Clock signal","Computer science"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-10T16:18:39.323849Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}