{"doi":"10.1145/3721201.3721414","title":"Deep Learning for Non-Invasive Glucose Sensing in Synthetic Blood: an In-Vitro Study","abstract":"This study introduces a novel computer vision-based spectral analysis method for non-invasive glucose detection using synthetic blood samples. A controlled setup was designed with two dye preparation methods and glucose concentrations from 70 to 120 mg/dL (2 mg/dL increments). Various light sources—an 850 nm LED, 850 nm, 808 nm, and 650 nm lasers—were tested, with image acquisition via a 1080p IR camera. Data augmentation generated seven image variants using Gaussian noise, contrast/brightness adjustments, rotations, and zooming. Three machine learning models were evaluated: Convolutional Neural Networks (deep learning) and two ensemble methods (AdaBoost, Random Forest). The 808 nm laser diode yielded the best results, with an 11.9% error rate and 93.8% of predictions in the clinically accurate Zone A of the Clarke Error Grid. These findings highlight the potential of this approach for practical, non-invasive glucose monitoring.","journal":null,"year":2025,"id":559492,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.905,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1460754,"name":"S. Charles Brubaker","orcid":"0009-0000-3708-9000","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":891673,"name":"Maria Valero","orcid":"0000-0001-8913-9604","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1460755,"name":"Katherine H. Ingram","orcid":"0000-0002-3052-9461","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1460753,"name":"El Arbi Belfarsi","orcid":"0009-0006-4145-5492","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":8,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:55:34.849815Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}