{"doi":"10.1136/bmj.n1804","title":"Cognitive stimulation in the workplace, plasma proteins, and risk of dementia: three analyses of population cohort studies","abstract":"OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between cognitively stimulating work and subsequent risk of dementia and to identify protein pathways for this association. DESIGN: Multicohort study with three sets of analyses. SETTING: United Kingdom, Europe, and the United States. PARTICIPANTS: Three associations were examined: cognitive stimulation and dementia risk in 107 896 participants from seven population based prospective cohort studies from the IPD-Work consortium (individual participant data meta-analysis in working populations); cognitive stimulation and proteins in a random sample of 2261 participants from one cohort study; and proteins and dementia risk in 13 656 participants from two cohort studies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cognitive stimulation was measured at baseline using standard questionnaire instruments on active versus passive jobs and at baseline and over time using a job exposure matrix indicator. 4953 proteins in plasma samples were scanned. Follow-up of incident dementia varied between 13.7 to 30.1 years depending on the cohort. People with dementia were identified through linked electronic health records and repeated clinical examinations. RESULTS: =0%, P=0.99). This association was robust to additional adjustment for education, risk factors for dementia in adulthood (smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, job strain, obesity, hypertension, and prevalent diabetes at baseline), and cardiometabolic diseases (diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke) before dementia diagnosis (fully adjusted hazard ratio 0.82, 95% confidence interval 0.68 to 0.98). The risk of dementia was also observed during the first 10 years of follow-up (hazard ratio 0.60, 95% confidence interval 0.37 to 0.95) and from year 10 onwards (0.79, 0.66 to 0.95) and replicated using a repeated job exposure matrix indicator of cognitive stimulation (hazard ratio per 1 standard deviation increase 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.69 to 0.86). In analysis controlling for multiple testing, higher cognitive stimulation at work was associated with lower levels of proteins that inhibit central nervous system axonogenesis and synaptogenesis: slit homologue 2 (SLIT2, fully adjusted β -0.34, P<0.001), carbohydrate sulfotransferase 12 (CHSTC, fully adjusted β -0.33, P<0.001), and peptidyl-glycine α-amidating monooxygenase (AMD, fully adjusted β -0.32, P<0.001). These proteins were associated with increased dementia risk, with the fully adjusted hazard ratio per 1 SD being 1.16 (95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.28) for SLIT2, 1.13 (1.00 to 1.27) for CHSTC, and 1.04 (0.97 to 1.13) for AMD. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of dementia in old age was found to be lower in people with cognitively stimulating jobs than in those with non-stimulating jobs. The findings that cognitive stimulation is associated with lower levels of plasma proteins that potentially inhibit axonogenesis and synaptogenesis and increase the risk of dementia might provide clues to underlying biological mechanisms.","journal":"BMJ","year":2021,"id":150122,"datarank":2.363331614952453,"base_score":4.584967478670572,"endowment":4.584967478670572,"self_citation_contribution":0.687745121800586,"citation_network_contribution":1.675586493151867,"self_endowment_contribution":0.687745121800586,"citer_contribution":1.675586493151867,"corpus_percentile":90.96464763672932,"corpus_rank":1169,"citation_count":97,"citer_count":87,"citers_with_citation_signal":54,"citers_with_endowment":54,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.644,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":14.5833,"fair_percentile":34.14857841638643,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":34922,"name":"Keenan A. Walker","orcid":"0000-0002-5989-9853","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":108677,"name":"Jaana Pentti","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":108680,"name":"Solja T. Nyberg","orcid":"0000-0001-5181-2402","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":251612,"name":"Nina Mars","orcid":"0000-0002-7259-5993","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":108689,"name":"Jussi Vahtera","orcid":"0000-0002-6036-061X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":108681,"name":"Sakari Suominen","orcid":"0000-0001-6648-603X","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":638335,"name":"Tea Lallukka","orcid":"0000-0003-3841-3129","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":638336,"name":"Ossi Rahkonen","orcid":"0000-0002-7202-3274","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":62426,"name":"Olli Pietiläinen","orcid":"0000-0003-4387-1861","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":638337,"name":"Aki Koskinen","orcid":"0000-0002-3450-4421","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":638338,"name":"Ari Väänänen","orcid":"0000-0003-1107-5799","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":639468,"name":"Jatinderpal Kalsi","orcid":null,"position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":638339,"name":"Marcel Goldberg","orcid":"0000-0002-6161-5880","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":638340,"name":"Marie Zins","orcid":"0000-0002-4540-4282","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":304143,"name":"Lars Alfredsson","orcid":"0000-0003-1688-6697","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":638341,"name":"Peter Wes­terholm","orcid":"0000-0002-9218-9159","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":639469,"name":"Anders Knutsson","orcid":null,"position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":638342,"name":"Töres Theorell","orcid":"0000-0003-1956-7931","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":638343,"name":"Jenni Ervasti","orcid":"0000-0001-9113-2428","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":108682,"name":"Tuula Oksanen","orcid":"0000-0002-0004-1035","position":20,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":108679,"name":"Pyry N. Sipilä","orcid":"0000-0003-4886-8151","position":21,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":295708,"name":"Ádám G. Tabák","orcid":"0000-0002-6234-3936","position":22,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":108688,"name":"Jane E. Ferrie","orcid":null,"position":23,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":258433,"name":"Stephen A. Williams","orcid":"0000-0002-8661-4315","position":24,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":405377,"name":"Gill Livingston","orcid":"0000-0001-6741-5516","position":25,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":328345,"name":"Rebecca F. Gottesman","orcid":"0000-0002-9504-1256","position":26,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":108685,"name":"Archana Singh‐Manoux","orcid":"0000-0002-1244-5037","position":27,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":27601,"name":"Henrik Zetterberg","orcid":"0000-0003-3930-4354","position":28,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":108687,"name":"Joni V. Lindbohm","orcid":"0000-0002-9820-2692","position":29,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":108675,"name":"Mika Kivimäki","orcid":"0000-0002-4699-5627","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":50,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:43:01.325389Z","pmid":"34407988","pmcid":"PMC8372196","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":11.1111,"fair_a":37.5,"fair_i":0.0,"fair_r":29.1667,"fair_zscore":-0.7863,"fair_rationale":{"fair_score":14.58,"has_llm":true,"taxonomy_version":"fair_taxonomy_v5","dimensions":{"F":{"name":"Findable","score":11.11,"criteria":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper does not provide a persistent identifier for its own dataset; no PID scheme string is given.","anchors":["RDA-F1-01D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a persistent identifier' (priorit","RDA-F1-02D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a globally unique identifier'","FsF-F1-02D — F-UJI/FAIRsFAIR: 'Data is assigned a persistent identifier'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_repository_named","label":"Named repository","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No repository is named as the holder of the data; the paper only directs requests to the steering committees of the participating cohorts.","anchors":["RDA-F4-01M — FAIR Data Maturity Model: metadata is offered so it can be harvested and indexed (","NIH DMS Policy Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — name the repository where data will be archived","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Long-Term Sustainability', 'Reten"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_data_availability_statement","label":"Data-availability statement","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"Pre-existing access policies for individual level data for each of the participating cohort studies specify that research data requests can be submitted to each steering committee; these will be promptly reviewed for confidentiality, data protection issues, or intellectual property restrictions and will not unreasonably be refused.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The data availability statement points to a request-based process (Colavizza category 1), which is a partial artefact. [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["Colavizza, Hrynaszkiewicz, Staden, Whitaker & McGillivray (2020), 'The citation advantage of li","Springer Nature research data policy — Data Availability Statements: standard statement templat","RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"f_discovery_metadata","label":"Description of the dataset as an object","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper does not contain an itemised inventory of the dataset (e.g., a section, table, or list of files); only standard prose descriptions of the cohorts are present. [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-F2-01M — 'Rich metadata is provided to allow discovery' (priority Essential)","FsF-F2-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes descriptive core elements to support data findability'","FsF-R1-01MD — F-UJI: 'Metadata specifies the content of the data'"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"f_dataset_cited","label":"Dataset formally cited","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No identifier or link for the dataset appears anywhere in the paper, either in the reference list or body text.","anchors":["FORCE11 Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles (2014) — data should be cited as a first-","RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes","FsF-F3-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes the identifier of the data it describes'"],"scored":true,"signal":null}]},"A":{"name":"Accessible","score":37.5,"criteria":[{"key":"a_data_openly_accessible","label":"Access route free of preconditions","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"research data requests can be submitted to each steering committee; these will be promptly reviewed for confidentiality, data protection issues, or intellectual property restrictions and will not unreasonably be refused.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The access route has a defined precondition (review by the steering committee), so it is not unconditional; it is a partial artefact. [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-A1.1-01D — 'Data is accessible through a free access protocol'","FsF-A1-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata contains access level and access conditions of the data'","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Free and Easy Access'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"a_access_conditions_stated","label":"Access level labelled","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"Data availability statement: Pre-existing access policies for individual level data for each of the participating cohort studies specify that research data requests can be submitted to each steering committee; these will be promptly reviewed for confidentiality, data protection issues, or intellectual property restrictions and will not unreasonably be refused.","grounded":false,"rationale":"The data availability statement describes the action of submitting a request to a steering committee, from which the access level must be inferred, but does not provide an explicit access-level label. [downgraded to 'no' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["FsF-A1-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata contains access level and access conditions of the data'","RDA-A1-01M — metadata contains information to enable the user to get access to the data","COAR Controlled Vocabularies — Access Rights v1.0 (open / embargoed / restricted / metadata-onl"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"a_controlled_access_for_sensitive","label":"Gatekeeper for sensitive data","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"each steering committee","grounded":true,"rationale":"The gatekeeper for accessing the data is an institutional body (steering committee), which qualifies as a controlled-access route. [majority verdict 'yes' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["NIH Genomic Data Sharing Policy (NOT-OD-14-124) — controlled-access via a Data Access Committee","RDA-A1.2-01D — 'Data is accessible through an access protocol that supports authentication and ","NIH DMS Policy Element 5 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Access, Distribution, or Reuse Considerations (conse"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"a_timeline_retention","label":"Availability timing & retention","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper does not state any retention period or availability timing for the data; it only describes the application process.","anchors":["NIH DMS Plan Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Data Preservation, Access, and Associated Timelines","NSTC Desirable Characteristics (2022), Organizational Infrastructure: 'Retention Policy'","RDA-A2-01M — 'Metadata is guaranteed to remain available after data is no longer available'"],"scored":false,"signal":null}]},"I":{"name":"Interoperable","score":0.0,"criteria":[{"key":"i_open_nonproprietary_format","label":"Open file format","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No file format for the released data is named anywhere in the text.","anchors":["FsF-R1.3-02D — F-UJI: 'Data is available in a file format recommended by the target research co","RDA-R1.3-02D — data is expressed in a machine-understandable community standard","RDA-I1-01D — data uses a knowledge representation expressed in a standardised format"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"i_community_standard_vocabulary","label":"Community standard / vocabulary","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No community‑standard data or metadata schema, ontology, or checklist (e.g., MIAME, BIDS, ICD‑10 as a data standard) is explicitly named as being applied to the released data. [majority verdict 'no' (2/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-R1.3-01M — 'Metadata complies with a community standard' (priority Essential)","RDA-R1.3-01D — 'Data complies with a community standard'","RDA-I2-01M — '(Meta)data use vocabularies that follow FAIR principles'"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"i_qualified_references","label":"Identifiers for the resources the data depend on","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper does not provide identifiers for any external resources (e.g., cohort data, reference databases) that the study builds upon.","anchors":["RDA-I3-01M — '(meta)data include references to other (meta)data'","RDA-I3-03M — 'metadata includes qualified references to other metadata'","FsF-I3-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes links between the data and its related entities'"],"scored":false,"signal":null}]},"R":{"name":"Reusable","score":29.17,"criteria":[{"key":"r_reuse_license","label":"Reuse licence","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No licence or terms of use are named for the data; the CC BY license applies only to the article text.","anchors":["RDA-R1.1-01M — 'Metadata includes information about the licence under which the data can be reu","RDA-R1.1-02M — 'Metadata refers to a standard reuse licence'","RDA-R1.1-03M — 'Metadata refers to a machine-understandable reuse licence'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"r_provenance_methods","label":"Provenance of the data","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"SomaScan version 4 assay (Somalogic, CO)","grounded":true,"rationale":"The paper names the specific assay platform (SomaScan version 4) used to generate the protein data, which is a proper-noun instrument. 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[majority verdict 'partial' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["NIH DMS Policy Element 2 (NOT-OD-21-014) — 'Related Tools, Software and/or Code'","FAIR4RS Principles v1.0 (Chue Hong et al., 2022; RDA/FORCE11/ReSA) — FAIR Principles for Resear","FORCE11 Software Citation Principles (Smith, Katz & Niemeyer, 2016, PeerJ CS 2:e86)"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"x_funding_attribution","label":"Funder and award number","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"The research consortium on dementia risk factors (principal investigator MK) has received funding from NordForsk (75021), the UK Medical Research Council (MRC S011676), the Wellcome Trust (221854/Z/20/Z), the Academy of Finland (311492, 329202), and Helsinki Institute of Life Science (H970).","grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper provides specific grant numbers for the funding, which is a class 1 artefact. [downgraded to 'partial' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6 — 'FundingReference' property (funderName, funderIdentifier, award","Crossref Funder Registry — canonical funder identifiers for funding metadata","RDA-F2-01M — rich metadata provided to allow discovery (funding is part of the descriptive reco"],"scored":true,"signal":null}]}},"actions":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","dimension":"F","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","action":"Mint or cite a persistent identifier for the dataset — a repository DOI or an accession from a registered repository — and print it in the paper. A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The paper does not provide a persistent identifier for its own dataset; no PID scheme string is given.","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"f_repository_named","dimension":"F","label":"Named repository","action":"Deposit the data in a repository registered in re3data/FAIRsharing (a domain repository such as GEO, SRA, dbGaP, PRIDE, or a generalist such as Zenodo, Dryad, Dataverse) and name it explicitly in the paper. A lab website is not an archive: it has no retention commitment and no accession. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No repository is named as the holder of the data; the paper only directs requests to the steering committees of the participating cohorts.","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"r_reuse_license","dimension":"R","label":"Reuse licence","action":"Attach a standard, machine-readable open licence to the deposit — CC0 or CC BY, which is what Horizon Europe and most funders expect — and print the licence identifier in the paper. 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For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"research data requests can be submitted to each steering committee; these will be promptly reviewed for confidentiality, data protection issues, or intellectual property restrictions and will not unreasonably be refused.","why":"The access route has a defined precondition (review by the steering committee), so it is not unconditional; it is a partial artefact. [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":8.33,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"f_dataset_cited","dimension":"F","label":"Dataset formally cited","action":"Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit. Cite the clinical / human-subjects repository accession (e.g. from dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA)) in the reference list.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No identifier or link for the dataset appears anywhere in the paper, either in the reference list or body text.","gain":8.33,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"i_open_nonproprietary_format","dimension":"I","label":"Open file format","action":"Release the data in an open, community-standard format (CSV/TSV, JSON, HDF5, NetCDF, FASTQ, VCF, NIfTI…) instead of — or alongside — any proprietary or instrument-native format, and name the format in the paper. 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Archive the analysis code in a versioned repository (GitHub + a Zenodo release DOI).","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"Code for the statistical analyses of this paper is provided in the supplementary file (pp 26-33).","why":"The code is available in the supplementary material, which is a non-authoritative location (not a versioned repository), so it is a partial artefact. [majority verdict 'partial' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":4.17,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"r_versioning","dimension":"R","label":"Snapshot identified","action":"Version the deposit and cite the exact version analysed (a version-specific DOI, or an accession with its version suffix). A reader reproducing your work against 'the current release' is reproducing it against a different dataset.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No version token or date is provided to identify a specific snapshot of the data.","gain":4.17,"priority":"useful","scored":true},{"key":"x_funding_attribution","dimension":"R","label":"Funder and award number","action":"State the funder AND the award number in the paper, and put them in the dataset's FundingReference metadata. A funder name alone cannot be linked back to the award, so the funding provenance of the data is lost the moment the paper is indexed.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"The research consortium on dementia risk factors (principal investigator MK) has received funding from NordForsk (75021), the UK Medical Research Council (MRC S011676), the Wellcome Trust (221854/Z/20/Z), the Academy of Finland (311492, 329202), and Helsinki Institute of Life Science (H970).","why":"The paper provides specific grant numbers for the funding, which is a class 1 artefact. [downgraded to 'partial' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":2.08,"priority":"useful","scored":true},{"key":"f_data_availability_statement","dimension":"F","label":"Data-availability statement","action":"Replace the statement with the repository template: name the repository and give the accession or DOI (Colavizza category 3). This is the only DAS class associated with a measured citation advantage; 'available on reasonable request' and 'within the article' are not.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"Pre-existing access policies for individual level data for each of the participating cohort studies specify that research data requests can be submitted to each steering committee; these will be promptly reviewed for confidentiality, data protection issues, or intellectual property restrictions and will not unreasonably be refused.","why":"The data availability statement points to a request-based process (Colavizza category 1), which is a partial artefact. [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"essential","scored":false},{"key":"f_discovery_metadata","dimension":"F","label":"Description of the dataset as an object","action":"Add a 'Data Records' section: itemise every file in the deposit and every variable or sample it holds, with counts and units. Describe the dataset as an object in its own right, not as a by-product of the findings — this is what makes it discoverable to someone who is not looking for your paper.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The paper does not contain an itemised inventory of the dataset (e.g., a section, table, or list of files); only standard prose descriptions of the cohorts are present. [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"essential","scored":false},{"key":"a_access_conditions_stated","dimension":"A","label":"Access level labelled","action":"State the access level in words, using the standard vocabulary: 'These data are open access' / 'These data are controlled access'. A reader — and a harvester — should not have to infer the access level from the presence of a download link.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"Data availability statement: Pre-existing access policies for individual level data for each of the participating cohort studies specify that research data requests can be submitted to each steering committee; these will be promptly reviewed for confidentiality, data protection issues, or intellectual property restrictions and will not unreasonably be refused.","why":"The data availability statement describes the action of submitting a request to a steering committee, from which the access level must be inferred, but does not provide an explicit access-level label. [downgraded to 'no' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"i_community_standard_vocabulary","dimension":"I","label":"Community standard / vocabulary","action":"Adopt and NAME your domain's data standard — the minimum-information checklist, metadata schema, or ontology your community uses (MIAME/MINSEQE, ISA-Tab, BIDS, an OBO ontology, HL7 FHIR/OMOP) — and say which one you followed. A reporting checklist standardises your paper; it does nothing for your data. In clinical / human-subjects, describe the data with OMOP CDM, CDISC SDTM or HL7 FHIR.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No community‑standard data or metadata schema, ontology, or checklist (e.g., MIAME, BIDS, ICD‑10 as a data standard) is explicitly named as being applied to the released data. [majority verdict 'no' (2/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"r_documentation_codebook","dimension":"R","label":"Documentation / codebook","action":"Ship a README and a data dictionary IN the deposit — every file, every variable, its units, its allowed values, its missing-value codes. It is the cheapest single thing that makes a dataset usable by someone who was not in the lab, and a table buried in the article does not travel with the data.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No documentation object (README, data dictionary, codebook, schema) is mentioned as accompanying the data; the supplementary file contains only statistical code and additional tables. [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"i_qualified_references","dimension":"I","label":"Identifiers for the resources the data depend on","action":"Cite by identifier every resource the data depend on — the source datasets' accessions, the reference build (GRCh38 / GCA_000001405.28), the cohort application number, the code DOI — and register those relations on the dataset record (IsDerivedFrom, IsSupplementTo). A name is not a link: it cannot be resolved, versioned, or followed by a machine.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The paper does not provide identifiers for any external resources (e.g., cohort data, reference databases) that the study builds upon.","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false},{"key":"a_timeline_retention","dimension":"A","label":"Availability timing & retention","action":"State when the data become available AND how long they will be retained — cite the repository's preservation policy. NIH DMS Element 4 asks for both; most papers give neither.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The paper does not state any retention period or availability timing for the data; it only describes the application process.","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false}],"suggestions":["Mint or cite a persistent identifier for the dataset — a repository DOI or an accession from a registered repository — and print it in the paper. A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","Deposit the data in a repository registered in re3data/FAIRsharing (a domain repository such as GEO, SRA, dbGaP, PRIDE, or a generalist such as Zenodo, Dryad, Dataverse) and name it explicitly in the paper. A lab website is not an archive: it has no retention commitment and no accession. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","Attach a standard, machine-readable open licence to the deposit — CC0 or CC BY, which is what Horizon Europe and most funders expect — and print the licence identifier in the paper. 'Free to use' is not a licence: it grants nothing a reuser's institution can rely on.","Remove the precondition or justify it. Release the data at publication with no embargo, no registration wall, and no approval step — NIH's zero-embargo public- access rule (NOT-OD-25-101) has already made 'available at publication' the federal baseline for the article; the data should not lag behind it. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit. Cite the clinical / human-subjects repository accession (e.g. from dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA)) in the reference list."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fulltext_source":"epmc_xml"},"fair_model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","fair_agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fair_fulltext_source":"epmc_xml","fair_has_llm":true,"fair_computed_at":"2026-07-20T11:04:53.793963Z","clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}