{"doi":"10.1136/bmj-2023-076754","title":"ROB-ME: a tool for assessing risk of bias due to missing evidence in systematic reviews with meta-analysis","abstract":"Various methods are available to help users assess whether selective non-publication of studies or selective non-reporting of study results has occurred, but not its impact on a meta-analysis. This limitation of existing methods leaves users to decide their own approach for judging the risk of bias in a meta-analysis result. In this paper, Page and colleagues describe the ROB-ME (risk of bias due to missing evidence) tool, a structured approach for assessing the risk of bias that arises when entire studies, or particular results within studies, are missing from a meta-analysis because of the P value, magnitude, or direction of the study results. The tool is anticipated to help authors and users of systematic reviews identify meta-analyses at high risk of bias and interpret results appropriately.","journal":"BMJ","year":2023,"id":316406,"datarank":2.509110298031902,"base_score":4.6913478822291435,"endowment":4.6913478822291435,"self_citation_contribution":0.7037021823343717,"citation_network_contribution":1.8054081156975303,"self_endowment_contribution":0.7037021823343717,"citer_contribution":1.8054081156975303,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":108,"citer_count":97,"citers_with_citation_signal":57,"citers_with_endowment":57,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9586,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":2304,"name":"Jonathan A. C. Sterne","orcid":"0000-0001-8496-6053","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":497,"name":"Isabelle Boutron","orcid":"0000-0002-5263-6241","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":7302,"name":"Asbjørn Hróbjartsson","orcid":"0000-0002-2451-5012","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":494,"name":"Jamie J Kirkham","orcid":"0000-0003-2579-9325","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":16505,"name":"Tianjing Li","orcid":"0000-0001-5371-4558","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1019938,"name":"Andreas Lundh","orcid":"0000-0002-4982-8680","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":16517,"name":"Evan Mayo‐Wilson","orcid":"0000-0001-6126-2459","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":16515,"name":"Joanne E. McKenzie","orcid":"0000-0003-3534-1641","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":16518,"name":"Lesley Stewart","orcid":"0000-0003-0287-4724","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":2305,"name":"Alex J. Sutton","orcid":"0000-0002-8934-9940","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":98351,"name":"Lisa Bero","orcid":"0000-0003-1893-6651","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":785813,"name":"Adam G. Dunn","orcid":"0000-0002-1720-8209","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":17959,"name":"Kerry Dwan","orcid":"0000-0001-6918-1215","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1019939,"name":"Roy G. Elbers","orcid":"0000-0002-4850-6954","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":784751,"name":"Raju Kanukula","orcid":"0000-0003-0793-786X","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":95905,"name":"Joerg J Meerpohl","orcid":"0000-0002-1333-5403","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":37758,"name":"Erick H. Turner","orcid":"0000-0002-3522-3357","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1502,"name":"Julian P. T. Higgins","orcid":"0000-0002-8323-2514","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":16494,"name":"Matthew J. Page","orcid":"0000-0002-4242-7526","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":28,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:06:38.213358Z","pmid":"37984978","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}