{"doi":"10.1128/spectrum.01053-22","title":"Transcription Start Site Heterogeneity and Preferential Packaging of Specific Full-Length RNA Species Are Conserved Features of Primate Lentiviruses","abstract":"Unspliced HIV-1 RNA serves two important roles during viral replication: as the virion genome and as the template for translation of Gag/Gag-Pol. Previous studies of two HIV-1 molecular clones have concluded that the TSS usage affects unspliced HIV-1 RNA structures and functions. To investigate the evolutionary origin of this replication strategy, we determined TSS of HIV-1 RNA in infected cells and virions for 15 primate lentiviruses. All HIV-1 isolates examined, including several transmitted founder viruses, utilized multiple TSS and selected a particular RNA species for packaging. Furthermore, these features were observed in SIVs related to the progenitors of HIV-1, suggesting that these characteristics originated from the ancestral viruses. HIV-2, SIVs related to HIV-2, and other SIVs also exhibited multiple TSS and preferential packaging of specific unspliced RNA species, demonstrating that this replication strategy is broadly conserved across primate lentiviruses.","journal":"Microbiology Spectrum","year":2022,"id":255455,"datarank":0.4566783656585135,"base_score":3.044522437723423,"endowment":3.044522437723423,"self_citation_contribution":0.4566783656585135,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.4566783656585135,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":20,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9539,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":425474,"name":"Olga A. Nikolaitchik","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":680656,"name":"Saurabh Shakya","orcid":"0009-0006-5005-6100","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":233486,"name":"Brandon F. Keele","orcid":"0000-0002-2381-1151","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":409359,"name":"Vinay K. Pathak","orcid":"0000-0003-2441-8412","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":424704,"name":"Wei-Shau Hu","orcid":"0000-0001-7733-623X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":473982,"name":"Jonathan Rawson","orcid":"0000-0001-6130-6351","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":43,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:25:17.224217Z","pmid":"35736240","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}