{"doi":"10.1128/mbio.03440-20","title":"Multiple Viral microRNAs Regulate Interferon Release and Signaling Early during Infection with Epstein-Barr Virus","abstract":"Acute antiviral functions of all nucleated cells rely on type I interferon (IFN-I) pathways triggered upon viral infection. Host responses encompass the sensing of incoming viruses, the activation of specific transcription factors that induce the transcription of IFN-I genes, the secretion of different IFN-I types and their recognition by the heterodimeric IFN-α/β receptor, the subsequent activation of JAK/STAT signaling pathways, and, finally, the transcription of many IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). In sum, these cellular functions establish a so-called antiviral state in infected and neighboring cells. To counteract these cellular defense mechanisms, viruses have evolved diverse strategies and encode gene products that target antiviral responses. Among such immune-evasive factors are viral microRNAs (miRNAs) that can interfere with host gene expression. We discovered that multiple miRNAs of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) control over a dozen cellular genes that contribute to the antiviral states of immune cells, specifically B cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). We identified the viral DNA genome as the activator of IFN-α and question the role of abundant EBV EBERs, that, contrary to previous reports, do not have an apparent inducing function in the IFN-I pathway early after infection.","journal":"mBio","year":2021,"id":155056,"datarank":0.6166310796259968,"base_score":4.110873864173311,"endowment":4.110873864173311,"self_citation_contribution":0.6166310796259968,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6166310796259968,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":60,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9524,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":577980,"name":"Stefanie Voigt","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":486265,"name":"Takanobu Tagawa","orcid":"0000-0001-8637-2996","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":577174,"name":"Manuel Albanese","orcid":"0000-0002-4614-7599","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":577175,"name":"Yen‐Fu Adam Chen","orcid":"0000-0003-1410-7645","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":577176,"name":"Yan Chen","orcid":"0000-0001-5325-1151","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":577177,"name":"Devin N. Fachko","orcid":"0000-0003-1646-8102","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":577178,"name":"Dagmar Pich","orcid":"0000-0001-7653-2327","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":577981,"name":"Christine Göbel","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":577179,"name":"Rebecca L. Skalsky","orcid":"0000-0003-2967-9478","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":577180,"name":"Wolfgang Hammerschmidt","orcid":"0000-0002-4659-0427","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":577173,"name":"Mickaël Bouvet","orcid":"0000-0001-6541-689X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":80,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:43:59.154159Z","pmid":"33785626","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}