{"doi":"10.1128/mbio.02265-21","title":"Nitrate Reduction Stimulates and Is Stimulated by Phenazine-1-Carboxylic Acid Oxidation by Citrobacter portucalensis MBL","abstract":"Phenazines are increasingly appreciated for their roles in structuring microbial communities. These tricyclic aromatic molecules have been found to regulate gene expression, be toxic, promote antibiotic tolerance, and promote survival under oxygen starvation. In all of these contexts, however, phenazines are studied as electron acceptors. Even if their utility arises primarily from being readily reduced, they need to be oxidized in order to be recycled. While oxygen and ferric iron can oxidize phenazines abiotically, biotic oxidation of phenazines has not been studied previously. We observed bacteria that readily oxidize phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) in a nitrate-dependent fashion, concomitantly increasing the rate of nitrate reduction to nitrite. Because nitrate is a prevalent terminal electron acceptor in diverse anoxic environments, including soils, and phenazine producers are widespread, this observation of linked phenazine and nitrogen redox cycling suggests an underappreciated role for redox-active secreted metabolites in the environment.","journal":"mBio","year":2021,"id":194136,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":10,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9462,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":233513,"name":"Dianne K. Newman","orcid":"0000-0003-1647-1918","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":586033,"name":"Lev Tsypin","orcid":"0000-0002-0642-8468","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":27,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:49:55.282992Z","pmid":"34465028","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}