{"doi":"10.1128/jvi.70.10.6937-6946.1996","title":"Cooperation between herpes simplex virus type 1-encoded ICP0 and Tat to support transcription of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat in vivo can occur in the absence of the TAR binding site","abstract":"<jats:p>Expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) provirus can be stimulated by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection; the stimulation occurs at the level of transcriptional activation of the HIV long terminal repeat (LTR) and is mediated by both cellular and HSV-1-encoded transactivators. We have shown in this study that HSV-1 immediate-early gene ICP0 cooperates effectively with the HIV-1-encoded transactivator, Tat, in the stimulation of HIV-1 LTR-directed transcription. The cooperation between ICP0 and Tat is specific for the HIV-1 LTR and was not observed with other promoters (e.g., ICP0) that can be transactivated by ICP0 but not by Tat. Analyses of HIV-1 LTR deletion mutants have shown that ICP0 not only transactivates an HIV-1 LTR mutant that is unresponsive to NF-kappaB and Tat-mediated transactivation, such as the HIV-1 LTR with the enhancer deleted (-83 LTR) and TAR deleted (+20 to +81), but also restores responsiveness to Tat. ICP0 also showed cooperation with Gal4-Tat fusion protein-mediated transactivation of Gal4-HIV-1 LTR with TAR deleted. Enhancement of the transcriptional activation of ICP0 by Tat requires both the cysteine-rich and core domains of Tat and is inhibited by RO5-3335. ICP0 stimulates transcription of not only the HIV-1 LTR but also the TAR-defective HIV-1 provirus. We suggest that ICP0 can (i) recruit Tat to the vicinity of the HIV-1 promoter, thereby providing an alternative binding site for Tat, and (ii) substitute for the enhancer-binding proteins that are required for efficient Tat transactivation in T cells.</jats:p>","journal":"Journal of Virology","year":1996,"id":15506,"datarank":1.5761291889288929,"base_score":3.367295829986474,"endowment":3.367295829986474,"self_citation_contribution":0.5050943744979712,"citation_network_contribution":1.0710348144309216,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5050943744979712,"citer_contribution":1.0710348144309216,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":28,"citer_count":28,"citers_with_citation_signal":25,"citers_with_endowment":25,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":118154,"name":"J Vlach","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":118155,"name":"P M Pitha","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":118153,"name":"S L Schafer","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":3.367295829986474,"endowment":3.367295829986474,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"8794337","pmcid":"PMC190743","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W1519441167","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"NIAID NIH HHS","grant_id":"AI29382","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIAID NIH HHS","grant_id":"AI26123","title":null}],"total_grants":2,"fwci":1.2568,"citation_percentile":0.77729611,"influential_citations":3,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":1},{"year":2013,"count":1},{"year":2014,"count":1},{"year":2015,"count":1},{"year":2017,"count":1},{"year":2020,"count":1},{"year":2021,"count":1},{"year":2022,"count":1},{"year":2025,"count":1}],"oa_status":"bronze","license":"https://journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://jvi.asm.org/content/jvi/70/10/6937.full.pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://jvi.asm.org/content/jvi/70/10/6937.full.pdf","host_type":"BRONZE"},{"url":"https://jvi.asm.org/content/jvi/70/10/6937.full.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/jvi.70.10.6937-6946.1996","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.70.10.6937-6946.1996","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8794337","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/190743","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments","HIV Research and Treatment","T-cell and Retrovirus Studies","Biology","Medicine","Binding Sites","Gene Products, tat","Genes, tat","HIV Long Terminal Repeat","HIV-1","Herpesvirus 1, Human","Humans","Immediate-Early Proteins","Transcriptional Activation","Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases","tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus"],"mesh_terms":["Binding Sites","Humans","HIV-1","Transcriptional Activation","Gene Products, tat","Genes, tat","HIV Long Terminal Repeat","Immediate-Early Proteins","Herpesvirus 1, Human","Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases","tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus"],"keywords":["Transactivation","Long terminal repeat","HIV Long Terminal Repeat","Biology","Provirus","Transcription (linguistics)","Herpes simplex virus","Virology","Promoter","Enhancer","Virus","Molecular biology","Transcription factor","Gene","Gene expression","Genetics"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-06-01T17:58:29.722696Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}