{"doi":"10.1128/jvi.67.4.1752-1760.1993","title":"The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat specifies two different transcription complexes, only one of which is regulated by Tat","abstract":"<jats:p>The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat sets up two different transcription complexes, which have been called processive and nonprocessive complexes. By mutating and substituting cis-acting sequences, we mapped elements of the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat that are responsible for creating each transcription complex. Whereas processive complexes are efficiently assembled by upstream promoter elements in the absence of the TATA box, nonprocessive complexes absolutely require the TATA box. Moreover, the TATA box alone can set up these nonprocessive complexes, and nonprocessive but not processive complexes are trans activated by Tat. Finally, a strong DNA-binding site between the TATA box and trans-activation-responsive region interferes with either the assembly or movement of these nonprocessive complexes and diminishes the effects of Tat. Thus, Tat affects a critical step in the formation of elongation-competent transcription complexes.</jats:p>","journal":"Journal of Virology","year":1993,"id":14717,"datarank":3.8407999673919884,"base_score":4.454347296253507,"endowment":4.454347296253507,"self_citation_contribution":0.6681520944380261,"citation_network_contribution":3.1726478729539624,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6681520944380261,"citer_contribution":3.1726478729539624,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":85,"citer_count":76,"citers_with_citation_signal":73,"citers_with_endowment":73,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":115074,"name":"T M Welsh","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":115075,"name":"B M Peterlin","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":115073,"name":"X Lu","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":4.454347296253507,"endowment":4.454347296253507,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"8445708","pmcid":"PMC240213","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2123864588","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":4.1455,"citation_percentile":0.95848375,"influential_citations":4,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":2},{"year":2013,"count":3},{"year":2014,"count":1},{"year":2020,"count":1},{"year":2022,"count":1},{"year":2023,"count":1},{"year":2024,"count":1}],"oa_status":"bronze","license":"https://journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://jvi.asm.org/content/jvi/67/4/1752.full.pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://jvi.asm.org/content/jvi/67/4/1752.full.pdf","host_type":"BRONZE"},{"url":"https://jvi.asm.org/content/jvi/67/4/1752.full.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/jvi.67.4.1752-1760.1993","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.67.4.1752-1760.1993","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8445708","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC240213","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/240213","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["HIV Research and Treatment","HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment","RNA Research and Splicing","Medicine","Biology","Animals","Base Sequence","Binding Sites","Cells, Cultured","Chlorocebus aethiops","DNA, Viral","Enhancer Elements, Genetic","Gene Expression Regulation, Viral","Gene Products, tat","HIV Long Terminal Repeat","HIV-1","HeLa Cells","Humans","In Vitro Techniques","Molecular Sequence Data","Oligodeoxyribonucleotides","Promoter Regions, Genetic","RNA Polymerase II","Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid","Sp1 Transcription Factor","TATA Box","Transcription, Genetic","Transcriptional Activation","tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus"],"mesh_terms":["Animals","Base Sequence","Binding Sites","Cells, Cultured","Chlorocebus aethiops","DNA, Viral","Enhancer Elements, Genetic","HeLa Cells","Humans","Molecular Sequence Data","Oligodeoxyribonucleotides","Promoter Regions, Genetic","Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid","RNA Polymerase II","Transcription, Genetic","HIV-1","Transcriptional Activation","Gene Products, tat","Gene Expression Regulation, Viral","HIV Long Terminal Repeat","Sp1 Transcription Factor","TATA Box","tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus","In Vitro Techniques","Hela Cells"],"keywords":["TATA box","Long terminal repeat","Biology","Transcription (linguistics)","TATA-Box Binding Protein","Transcription factor","Cell biology","HIV Long Terminal Repeat","Transcription factor II D","DNA-binding protein","Virology","Molecular biology","Computational biology","Promoter","Genetics","Gene","Gene expression"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-06-01T13:59:13.376572Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}