{"doi":"10.1128/jvi.62.12.4523-4532.1988","title":"Functional comparison of transactivation by simian immunodeficiency virus from rhesus macaques and human immunodeficiency virus type 1","abstract":"<jats:p>Simian immunodeficiency virus from rhesus macaques (SIVmac), like human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), encodes a transactivator (tat) which stimulates long terminal repeat (LTR)-directed gene expression. We performed cotransfection assays of SIVmac and HIV-1 tat constructs with LTR-CAT reporter plasmids. The primary effect of transactivation for both SIVmac and HIV-1 is an increase in LTR-directed mRNA accumulation. The SIVmac tat gene product partially transactivates an HIV-1 LTR, whereas the HIV-1 tat gene product fully transactivates an SIVmac LTR. Significant transactivation is achieved by the product of coding exon 1 of the HIV-1 tat gene; however, inclusion of coding exon 2 results in a further increase in mRNA accumulation. In contrast, coding exon 2 of the SIVmac tat gene is required for significant transactivation. These results imply that the tat proteins of SIVmac and HIV-1 are functionally similar but not interchangeable. In addition, an in vitro-generated mutation in SIVmac tat disrupts splicing at the normal splice acceptor site at the beginning of coding exon 2 and activates a site approximately 15 nucleotides downstream. The product of this splice variant stimulates LTR-directed gene expression. This alternative splice acceptor site is also used by a biologically active provirus with an efficiency of approximately 5% compared with the upstream site. These data suggest that a novel tat protein is encoded during the course of viral infection.</jats:p>","journal":"Journal of Virology","year":1988,"id":15515,"datarank":4.928188731105596,"base_score":4.3694478524670215,"endowment":4.3694478524670215,"self_citation_contribution":0.6554171778700533,"citation_network_contribution":4.272771553235542,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6554171778700533,"citer_contribution":4.272771553235542,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":78,"citer_count":70,"citers_with_citation_signal":66,"citers_with_endowment":66,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":118181,"name":"J I Mullins","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":118180,"name":"G A Viglianti","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":4.3694478524670215,"endowment":4.3694478524670215,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"2846868","pmcid":"PMC253562","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W1540439591","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"NCI NIH HHS","grant_id":"CA01058","title":null},{"funder_name":"NCI NIH HHS","grant_id":"CA40646","title":null}],"total_grants":2,"fwci":1.9105,"citation_percentile":0.85681293,"influential_citations":1,"citation_trend":[{"year":2014,"count":2},{"year":2017,"count":1},{"year":2018,"count":1},{"year":2020,"count":1},{"year":2024,"count":2},{"year":2025,"count":2}],"oa_status":"bronze","license":"https://journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://jvi.asm.org/content/jvi/62/12/4523.full.pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://jvi.asm.org/content/jvi/62/12/4523.full.pdf","host_type":"BRONZE"},{"url":"https://jvi.asm.org/content/jvi/62/12/4523.full.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/jvi.62.12.4523-4532.1988","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.62.12.4523-4532.1988","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2846868","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/253562","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["HIV Research and Treatment","HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment","Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments","Biology","Medicine","Amino Acid Sequence","Animals","Base Sequence","DNA, Viral","Endonucleases","Exons","Gene Expression Regulation","Gene Products, tat","HIV-1","HeLa Cells","Humans","Macaca mulatta","Molecular Sequence Data","Plasmids","RNA Splicing","RNA, Messenger","Simian Immunodeficiency Virus","Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases","Transcription Factors","Transcription, Genetic","Transfection","tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus"],"mesh_terms":["Amino Acid Sequence","Animals","Base Sequence","DNA, Viral","Endonucleases","Exons","Gene Expression Regulation","HeLa Cells","Humans","Macaca mulatta","Molecular Sequence Data","Plasmids","RNA Splicing","RNA, Messenger","Transcription Factors","Transcription, Genetic","Transfection","Simian Immunodeficiency Virus","HIV-1","Gene Products, tat","Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases","tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus","Hela Cells","Simian immunodeficiency virus"],"keywords":["Transactivation","Biology","Long terminal repeat","Simian immunodeficiency virus","Provirus","Exon","Virology","Gene product","Gene","Reporter gene","Molecular biology","HIV Long Terminal Repeat","RNA splicing","Alternative splicing","Coding region","Gene expression","Virus","Genetics","RNA","Genome"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-06-01T18:00:15.918468Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}