{"doi":"10.1128/jvi.02312-20","title":"The Influenza A Virus Host Shutoff Factor PA-X Is Rapidly Turned Over in a Strain-Specific Manner","abstract":"The PA-X protein from influenza A virus reduces host immune responses to infection through suppressing host gene expression, including genes encoding the antiviral response. Thus, it plays a central role in influenza A virus biology. Despite its key function, PA-X was only discovered in 2012 and much remains to be learned including how PA-X activity is regulated to promote optimal levels of viral infection. In this study, we reveal that PA-X protein levels are very low likely because of rapid turnover. We show that instability is a conserved property among PA-X variants from different strains of influenza A virus, but that the half-lives of PA-X variants differ. Moreover, the longer half-life of PA-X from the 2009 pandemic H1N1 strain correlates with its reported higher activity. Therefore, PA-X stability may be a way to regulate its activity and may contribute to the differential virulence of influenza A virus strains.","journal":"Journal of Virology","year":2021,"id":177043,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":20,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9532,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":560960,"name":"Shailab Shrestha","orcid":"0009-0009-6830-1698","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":402628,"name":"Marta Gaglia","orcid":"0000-0002-1791-0663","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":578089,"name":"Rachel Emily Levene","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":40,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:47:28.018172Z","pmid":"33504608","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}