{"doi":"10.1128/jvi.02305-20","title":"Defining Stable Reference Genes in HIV Latency Reversal Experiments","abstract":"Latency-reversing agents (LRAs) are ubiquitously used in the \"shock-and-kill\" HIV cure strategy and their performance is often evaluated by ex-vivo quantification of cell associated HIV RNA. HIV RNA, measured by qPCR, is often normalized to internal reference genes, but the expression of these genes should not be influenced by the experimental settings. We found that treatment of human PBMC and CD4+ T cells with LRAs significantly altered the expression of several commonly used reference genes, such as GAPDH. Finally, we evaluate the impact of different reference genes on normalization of host genes and HIV cell associated RNA expression and demonstrated that using unstable reference genes dramatically altered experimental outcome. Our data highlight the importance of using reference genes that are unaffected by LRAs under study to correctly evaluate host gene and cell associated HIV RNA expression induced by latency-reversing agents.","journal":"Journal of Virology","year":2021,"id":194638,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":9,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9575,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":765181,"name":"Gabrielle Streeter","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":765182,"name":"Kena J. Lemu","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":286756,"name":"Katherine S. James","orcid":"0000-0002-5854-8787","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":299315,"name":"Simon Ghofrani","orcid":"0000-0003-0685-240X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":300428,"name":"Brigitte Allard","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":334760,"name":"Bonnie E. Shook‐Sa","orcid":"0000-0001-9506-4047","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":105520,"name":"David M. Margolis","orcid":"0000-0001-5714-0002","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":233494,"name":"Nancie M. Archin","orcid":"0000-0002-7938-0389","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":764595,"name":"Cristina Ceriani","orcid":"0000-0002-9442-6250","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":44,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:49:59.476757Z","pmid":"33762410","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}